Indian livestock sector promotes and sustains rural livelihood, since time immemorial, by enriching rural income and employment. The growing demand for livestock products underlines the fact that there is a greater opportunity for enhancing livestock production. A complete exploration of past data and further extrapolation for the future is hence required to effectively plan optimum strategies for augmenting livestock production so as to assure the attainable socio-economic benefits to the rural poor. In this context, this book assesses the future trends in Indian livestock population and production and hence, will be useful for the scientists, administrators, planners and policy makers to get better insight into the present trend and future directions required to effectively harvest the potential benefits of the livestock sector.