LTE Self-Organizing Networks (SON)
Network Management Automation for Operational Efficiency
Herausgegeben von Hämäläinen, Seppo; Sanneck, Henning; Sartori, Cinzia
LTE Self-Organizing Networks (SON)
Network Management Automation for Operational Efficiency
Herausgegeben von Hämäläinen, Seppo; Sanneck, Henning; Sartori, Cinzia
- Gebundenes Buch
- Merkliste
- Auf die Merkliste
- Bewerten Bewerten
- Teilen
- Produkt teilen
- Produkterinnerung
- Produkterinnerung
Covering the key functional areas of LTE Self-Organising Networks (SON), this book introduces the topic at an advanced level before examining the state-of-the-art concepts. The required background on LTE network scenarios, technologies and general SON concepts is first given to allow readers with basic knowledge of mobile networks to understand the detailed discussion of key SON functional areas (self-configuration, -optimisation, -healing). Later, the book provides details and references for advanced readers familiar with LTE and SON, including the latest status of 3GPP…mehr
- Self-Organizing Networks124,99 €
- Christopher CoxAn Introduction to Lte102,99 €
- Joydeep AcharyaHeterogeneous Networks in LTE-Advanced116,99 €
- Ayman ElNasharDesign, Deployment and Performance of 4G-LTE Networks120,99 €
- Harri HolmaLTE for UMTS145,99 €
- Stefania SesiaLte - The Umts Long Term Evolution147,99 €
- Miikka PoikselkäVoice Over Lte132,99 €
-
-
-
Based on the defined next generation mobile networks (NGMN) and 3GPP SON use cases, the book elaborates to give the full picture of a SON-enabled system including its enabling technologies, architecture and operation. "Heterogeneous networks" including different cell hierarchy levels and multiple radio access technologies as a new driver for SON are also discussed.
Introduces the functional areas of LTE SON (self-optimisation, -configuration and -healing) and its standardisation, also giving NGMN and 3GPP use cases
Explains the drivers, requirements, challenges, enabling technologies and architectures for a SON-enabled system
Covers multi-technology (2G/3G) aspects as well as core network and end-to-end operational aspects
Written by experts who have been contributing to the development and standardisation of the LTE self-organising networks concept since its inception
Examines the impact of new network architectures ("Heterogeneous Networks") to network operation, for example multiple cell layers and radio access technologies
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons / Wiley-Blackwell
- Artikelnr. des Verlages: 1W119970670
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 432
- Erscheinungstermin: 1. Februar 2012
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 258mm x 177mm x 33mm
- Gewicht: 866g
- ISBN-13: 9781119970675
- ISBN-10: 1119970679
- Artikelnr.: 34448866
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons / Wiley-Blackwell
- Artikelnr. des Verlages: 1W119970670
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 432
- Erscheinungstermin: 1. Februar 2012
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 258mm x 177mm x 33mm
- Gewicht: 866g
- ISBN-13: 9781119970675
- ISBN-10: 1119970679
- Artikelnr.: 34448866
of Abbreviations xxiii 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Self-Organising Networks (SON)
3 1.2 The Transition from Conventional Network Operation to SON 6 1.2.1
Automation of the Network Rollout 9 1.2.2 Automation of Network
Optimisation and Troubleshooting 10 1.2.3 SON Characteristics and
Challenges 11 References 12 2. LTE Overview 13 2.1 Introduction to LTE and
SAE 13 2.1.1 3GPP Structure, Timeline and LTE Specifications 14 2.1.2 LTE
Requirements 16 2.1.3 System Architecture Overview 16 2.1.4 Evolved UTRAN
18 2.1.5 E-UTRAN Functional Elements 19 2.1.6 Evolved Packet Core 21 2.1.7
Voice over LTE (VoLTE) 24 2.1.8 LTE-Advanced 24 2.1.9 Network Management 30
2.2 LTE Radio Access Network Scenarios and Their Evolution 33 2.2.1 LTE
Radio Coverage Scenario 33 2.2.2 LTE for Capacity Enhancement in Existing
GERAN/UTRAN 34 2.2.3 Enhancing LTE Capacity, the Multi-Layer LTE 34 2.2.4
Data Offloading, LIPA-SIPTO 35 2.2.5 Multi-Radio Access Network Scenarios
or non-GPP 36 References 37 3. Self-Organising Networks (SON) 39 3.1 Vision
39 3.2 NGMN Operator Use Cases and 3GPP SON Use Cases 42 3.2.1 Operational
Use Cases 42 3.2.2 NGMN SON Use Cases and Requirements 47 3.2.3 SON Use
Cases in 3GPP 50 3.3 Foundations for SON 52 3.3.1 Control Engineering:
Feedback Loops 53 3.3.2 Autonomic Computing and Autonomic Management 55
3.3.3 SON Research Projects 57 3.4 Architecture 60 3.4.1 Use-Case Related
Criteria 62 3.4.2 System-Level Criteria 64 3.5 Business Value 65 3.5.1 The
Economics of eNB Sites 65 3.5.2 General Mode of Operation of SON 68 3.5.3
Installation and Planning 71 3.5.4 Network Optimisation 72 3.5.5 Fault
Management 73 3.5.6 Conclusions 74 3.6 SON Operational and Technical
Challenges 75 3.6.1 Transition of Operational Processes to SON 75 3.6.2
Technical (Engineering) Challenges 78 References 80 4. Self-Configuration
('Plug-and-Play') 81 4.1 Auto-Connectivity and -Commissioning 82 4.1.1
Preparation 85 4.1.2 Connectivity Setup, Site-Identification and
Auto-Commissioning 87 4.1.3 LTE-A Relay Auto-Connectivity 93 4.1.4
Conclusions 100 4.2 Dynamic Radio Configuration 100 4.2.1 Generation of
Initial Transmission Parameters 106 4.2.2 Physical Cell-ID Allocation 111
4.2.3 Automatic Neighbour Relationship Setup (ANR) 118 4.2.4 DRC
Architecture 130 4.2.5 Conclusions 132 References 133 5. Self-Optimisation
135 5.1 Mobility Robustness Optimisation 136 5.1.1 Goals of MRO 136 5.1.2
Cell Changes and Interference Challenges 137 5.1.3 MRO Relevant Parameters
140 5.1.4 Causes for Mobility Problems 144 5.1.5 MRO Solutions 146 5.1.6
MRO Time Scales 151 5.1.7 MRO Performance 152 5.2 Mobility Load Balancing
and Traffic Steering 157 5.2.1 Introduction to Traffic Steering 157 5.2.2
SON Policies for Mobility Load Balancing 159 5.2.3 A Theoretical View of
Load Balancing 160 5.2.4 Standardised Features and Procedures to Direct UEs
to the Desired Layer 166 5.2.5 Exemplary Results of MLB 182 5.2.6 Uplink
Load Balancing 189 5.2.7 Interactions Between TS/MLB and MRO 190 5.3 Energy
Saving 193 5.3.1 Introduction 193 5.3.2 Requirements 195 5.3.3 Energy
Saving Management 195 5.3.4 eNB Overlaid Scenario 196 5.3.5
Capacity-Limited Network 198 5.3.6 Equipment/Local ES 200 5.3.7 Example
Scenarios and Expected Gains 201 5.3.8 Summary 204 5.4 Coverage and
Capacity Optimisation 204 5.4.1 CCO with Adaptive Antennas 205 5.4.2
Performance Analysis for Antenna Parameter Optimisation Based CCO 208 5.4.3
CCO with TX Power 216 5.5 RACH Optimisation 217 5.5.1 General 217 5.5.2
PRACH Configuration 218 5.5.3 RACH Configuration 219 5.5.4 RACH/PRACH
Configuration Example 221 5.5.5 RA Performance 222 5.5.6 Self-Optimisation
Framework 223 5.5.7 UE Reporting 223 5.5.8 Inter-eNB Communication 225 5.6
RRM and SON (Interference Coordination, P0 Optimisation) 226 5.6.1
Interference Coordination 226 5.6.2 P0 Optimisation 230 References 232 6.
Self-Healing 235 6.1 Introduction 236 6.1.1 3GPP Use Cases 236 6.1.2 3GPP
Self-Healing Process and its Management 237 6.1.3 Cell Degradation
Management 238 6.2 Cell Degradation Detection 242 6.3 Cell Degradation
Diagnosis and Prediction 248 6.3.1 Rule Based Systems 250 6.3.2 Bayesian
Networks 251 6.3.3 Case Based Reasoning 253 6.3.4 Neural Networks 255 6.3.5
Active Measurements 256 6.3.6 Prediction 257 6.4 Cell Outage Compensation
259 6.4.1 Activation of Cell Outage Compensation 260 6.4.2 Means of Cell
Outage Compensation 260 6.4.3 Interaction between Cell Outage Compensation
and Self-Configuration Functions 263 References 264 7. Supporting Function:
Minimisation of Drive Tests (MDT) 267 7.1 Introduction 267 7.1.1 General
267 7.1.2 History and Background 269 7.2 Relation to SON 272 7.3
Requirements 273 7.4 Use Cases 275 7.4.1 Operator Scenarios 276 7.4.2
Coverage Optimisation 277 7.4.3 Mobility Optimisation 281 7.4.4 Capacity
Optimisation 281 7.4.5 Parameterisation for Common Channels 282 7.4.6 QoS
Verification 282 7.5 Overall Architecture 283 7.6 Managing MDT 285 7.6.1
Subscriber and Equipment Trace 285 7.6.2 MDT Configuration Parameters 285
7.6.3 Subscription Based MDT 287 7.6.4 Area Based MDT 292 7.6.5 Supporting
Functionality in the Management System 293 7.6.6 MDT Reporting 293 7.7 MDT
Radio Interface Procedures 295 7.7.1 Immediate MDT 296 7.7.2 Logged MDT 298
7.7.3 RLF Reporting 303 7.7.4 Measurement Parameters 305 7.7.5 Location
Information 308 7.8 Conclusion 309 References 310 8. SON for Core Networks
311 8.1 Introduction 311 8.2 SON for Packet Core Networks 311 8.2.1 Packet
Core Element Auto-Configuration 311 8.2.2 Automatic Neighbour Relation 313
8.2.3 S1 Flex (MME Pooling) 314 8.2.4 Signalling Optimisation 315 8.2.5
Latency Optimisation 317 8.2.6 Fast Gateway Convergence with Bidirectional
Forward Detection 318 8.2.7 Dynamic IP Pool Allocation 318 8.2.8 Energy
Saving 319 8.3 SON for Voice Core Networks 319 8.3.1 Voice Over IP Quality
Monitoring and Management 319 8.3.2 Resource Optimisation in Voice Core
Network 320 References 321 9. SON Operation 322 9.1 SON Function
Interactions 323 9.1.1 Spatial Characteristic 324 9.1.2 Temporal
Characteristic 324 9.1.3 Categories of SON Conflicts 326 9.1.4 Network
Parameters Related to SON Functions 329 9.1.5 Examples for Conflicts
between SON Functions 330 9.2 Coordination of SON Functions 334 9.2.1 Basic
Options for SON Coordination 334 9.2.2 Goals of SON Function Coordination
338 9.2.3 SON Coordination Function Concept 340 9.2.4 Coordination Schemes
346 9.2.5 Related Work 352 9.2.6 SON Function Coordination Example 352 9.3
Conclusions 355 References 356 10. SON for Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet)
357 10.1 Introduction 357 10.2 Standardisation and Network Architecture 359
10.2.1 Network Architecture for HetNet 361 10.3 Self-Configuration 362
10.3.1 Auto-Connectivity and -Commissioning 363 10.3.2 Automatic Site
Identification and Hardware-to-Site Mapping 364 10.3.3 Automatic Neighbour
Relations (ANR) 365 10.4 Self-Optimisation: Interference Management 365
10.4.1 Interference Characteristics in HetNet Scenarios 365 10.4.2 Basic
Interference Management Techniques 366 10.4.3 Scenarios with Macro eNBs and
Micro/Pico eNBs 369 10.4.4 Enhanced Time-Domain Interference Management:
eICIC 370 10.4.5 Outlook on Further Interference Management Innovations 374
10.5 Self-Optimisation: Mobility Aspects; MRO and Traffic Steering 375
10.5.1 Mobility Robustness Optimisation 375 10.5.2 Multi-Layer Traffic
Steering and Load Balancing 377 10.5.3 IEEE 802.11 (WiFi) Integration 378
References 378 11. Future Research Topics 379 11.1 Future Mobile Network
Scenarios 379 11.1.1 Heterogeneous Networks 379 11.1.2 Cloud RAN 380 11.1.3
Requirements for Future OAM Systems 381 11.2 Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN)
381 11.2.1 From SON to CRN 381 11.2.2 Definitions 382 11.2.3 Framework 383
11.2.4 Artificial Intelligence 385 11.3 Applications 387 11.3.1
Self-Configuration 387 11.3.2 Self-Optimisation 387 11.3.3 Self-Healing 388
11.3.4 Operation 388 11.4 Conclusion 389 References 389 Index 391
of Abbreviations xxiii 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Self-Organising Networks (SON)
3 1.2 The Transition from Conventional Network Operation to SON 6 1.2.1
Automation of the Network Rollout 9 1.2.2 Automation of Network
Optimisation and Troubleshooting 10 1.2.3 SON Characteristics and
Challenges 11 References 12 2. LTE Overview 13 2.1 Introduction to LTE and
SAE 13 2.1.1 3GPP Structure, Timeline and LTE Specifications 14 2.1.2 LTE
Requirements 16 2.1.3 System Architecture Overview 16 2.1.4 Evolved UTRAN
18 2.1.5 E-UTRAN Functional Elements 19 2.1.6 Evolved Packet Core 21 2.1.7
Voice over LTE (VoLTE) 24 2.1.8 LTE-Advanced 24 2.1.9 Network Management 30
2.2 LTE Radio Access Network Scenarios and Their Evolution 33 2.2.1 LTE
Radio Coverage Scenario 33 2.2.2 LTE for Capacity Enhancement in Existing
GERAN/UTRAN 34 2.2.3 Enhancing LTE Capacity, the Multi-Layer LTE 34 2.2.4
Data Offloading, LIPA-SIPTO 35 2.2.5 Multi-Radio Access Network Scenarios
or non-GPP 36 References 37 3. Self-Organising Networks (SON) 39 3.1 Vision
39 3.2 NGMN Operator Use Cases and 3GPP SON Use Cases 42 3.2.1 Operational
Use Cases 42 3.2.2 NGMN SON Use Cases and Requirements 47 3.2.3 SON Use
Cases in 3GPP 50 3.3 Foundations for SON 52 3.3.1 Control Engineering:
Feedback Loops 53 3.3.2 Autonomic Computing and Autonomic Management 55
3.3.3 SON Research Projects 57 3.4 Architecture 60 3.4.1 Use-Case Related
Criteria 62 3.4.2 System-Level Criteria 64 3.5 Business Value 65 3.5.1 The
Economics of eNB Sites 65 3.5.2 General Mode of Operation of SON 68 3.5.3
Installation and Planning 71 3.5.4 Network Optimisation 72 3.5.5 Fault
Management 73 3.5.6 Conclusions 74 3.6 SON Operational and Technical
Challenges 75 3.6.1 Transition of Operational Processes to SON 75 3.6.2
Technical (Engineering) Challenges 78 References 80 4. Self-Configuration
('Plug-and-Play') 81 4.1 Auto-Connectivity and -Commissioning 82 4.1.1
Preparation 85 4.1.2 Connectivity Setup, Site-Identification and
Auto-Commissioning 87 4.1.3 LTE-A Relay Auto-Connectivity 93 4.1.4
Conclusions 100 4.2 Dynamic Radio Configuration 100 4.2.1 Generation of
Initial Transmission Parameters 106 4.2.2 Physical Cell-ID Allocation 111
4.2.3 Automatic Neighbour Relationship Setup (ANR) 118 4.2.4 DRC
Architecture 130 4.2.5 Conclusions 132 References 133 5. Self-Optimisation
135 5.1 Mobility Robustness Optimisation 136 5.1.1 Goals of MRO 136 5.1.2
Cell Changes and Interference Challenges 137 5.1.3 MRO Relevant Parameters
140 5.1.4 Causes for Mobility Problems 144 5.1.5 MRO Solutions 146 5.1.6
MRO Time Scales 151 5.1.7 MRO Performance 152 5.2 Mobility Load Balancing
and Traffic Steering 157 5.2.1 Introduction to Traffic Steering 157 5.2.2
SON Policies for Mobility Load Balancing 159 5.2.3 A Theoretical View of
Load Balancing 160 5.2.4 Standardised Features and Procedures to Direct UEs
to the Desired Layer 166 5.2.5 Exemplary Results of MLB 182 5.2.6 Uplink
Load Balancing 189 5.2.7 Interactions Between TS/MLB and MRO 190 5.3 Energy
Saving 193 5.3.1 Introduction 193 5.3.2 Requirements 195 5.3.3 Energy
Saving Management 195 5.3.4 eNB Overlaid Scenario 196 5.3.5
Capacity-Limited Network 198 5.3.6 Equipment/Local ES 200 5.3.7 Example
Scenarios and Expected Gains 201 5.3.8 Summary 204 5.4 Coverage and
Capacity Optimisation 204 5.4.1 CCO with Adaptive Antennas 205 5.4.2
Performance Analysis for Antenna Parameter Optimisation Based CCO 208 5.4.3
CCO with TX Power 216 5.5 RACH Optimisation 217 5.5.1 General 217 5.5.2
PRACH Configuration 218 5.5.3 RACH Configuration 219 5.5.4 RACH/PRACH
Configuration Example 221 5.5.5 RA Performance 222 5.5.6 Self-Optimisation
Framework 223 5.5.7 UE Reporting 223 5.5.8 Inter-eNB Communication 225 5.6
RRM and SON (Interference Coordination, P0 Optimisation) 226 5.6.1
Interference Coordination 226 5.6.2 P0 Optimisation 230 References 232 6.
Self-Healing 235 6.1 Introduction 236 6.1.1 3GPP Use Cases 236 6.1.2 3GPP
Self-Healing Process and its Management 237 6.1.3 Cell Degradation
Management 238 6.2 Cell Degradation Detection 242 6.3 Cell Degradation
Diagnosis and Prediction 248 6.3.1 Rule Based Systems 250 6.3.2 Bayesian
Networks 251 6.3.3 Case Based Reasoning 253 6.3.4 Neural Networks 255 6.3.5
Active Measurements 256 6.3.6 Prediction 257 6.4 Cell Outage Compensation
259 6.4.1 Activation of Cell Outage Compensation 260 6.4.2 Means of Cell
Outage Compensation 260 6.4.3 Interaction between Cell Outage Compensation
and Self-Configuration Functions 263 References 264 7. Supporting Function:
Minimisation of Drive Tests (MDT) 267 7.1 Introduction 267 7.1.1 General
267 7.1.2 History and Background 269 7.2 Relation to SON 272 7.3
Requirements 273 7.4 Use Cases 275 7.4.1 Operator Scenarios 276 7.4.2
Coverage Optimisation 277 7.4.3 Mobility Optimisation 281 7.4.4 Capacity
Optimisation 281 7.4.5 Parameterisation for Common Channels 282 7.4.6 QoS
Verification 282 7.5 Overall Architecture 283 7.6 Managing MDT 285 7.6.1
Subscriber and Equipment Trace 285 7.6.2 MDT Configuration Parameters 285
7.6.3 Subscription Based MDT 287 7.6.4 Area Based MDT 292 7.6.5 Supporting
Functionality in the Management System 293 7.6.6 MDT Reporting 293 7.7 MDT
Radio Interface Procedures 295 7.7.1 Immediate MDT 296 7.7.2 Logged MDT 298
7.7.3 RLF Reporting 303 7.7.4 Measurement Parameters 305 7.7.5 Location
Information 308 7.8 Conclusion 309 References 310 8. SON for Core Networks
311 8.1 Introduction 311 8.2 SON for Packet Core Networks 311 8.2.1 Packet
Core Element Auto-Configuration 311 8.2.2 Automatic Neighbour Relation 313
8.2.3 S1 Flex (MME Pooling) 314 8.2.4 Signalling Optimisation 315 8.2.5
Latency Optimisation 317 8.2.6 Fast Gateway Convergence with Bidirectional
Forward Detection 318 8.2.7 Dynamic IP Pool Allocation 318 8.2.8 Energy
Saving 319 8.3 SON for Voice Core Networks 319 8.3.1 Voice Over IP Quality
Monitoring and Management 319 8.3.2 Resource Optimisation in Voice Core
Network 320 References 321 9. SON Operation 322 9.1 SON Function
Interactions 323 9.1.1 Spatial Characteristic 324 9.1.2 Temporal
Characteristic 324 9.1.3 Categories of SON Conflicts 326 9.1.4 Network
Parameters Related to SON Functions 329 9.1.5 Examples for Conflicts
between SON Functions 330 9.2 Coordination of SON Functions 334 9.2.1 Basic
Options for SON Coordination 334 9.2.2 Goals of SON Function Coordination
338 9.2.3 SON Coordination Function Concept 340 9.2.4 Coordination Schemes
346 9.2.5 Related Work 352 9.2.6 SON Function Coordination Example 352 9.3
Conclusions 355 References 356 10. SON for Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet)
357 10.1 Introduction 357 10.2 Standardisation and Network Architecture 359
10.2.1 Network Architecture for HetNet 361 10.3 Self-Configuration 362
10.3.1 Auto-Connectivity and -Commissioning 363 10.3.2 Automatic Site
Identification and Hardware-to-Site Mapping 364 10.3.3 Automatic Neighbour
Relations (ANR) 365 10.4 Self-Optimisation: Interference Management 365
10.4.1 Interference Characteristics in HetNet Scenarios 365 10.4.2 Basic
Interference Management Techniques 366 10.4.3 Scenarios with Macro eNBs and
Micro/Pico eNBs 369 10.4.4 Enhanced Time-Domain Interference Management:
eICIC 370 10.4.5 Outlook on Further Interference Management Innovations 374
10.5 Self-Optimisation: Mobility Aspects; MRO and Traffic Steering 375
10.5.1 Mobility Robustness Optimisation 375 10.5.2 Multi-Layer Traffic
Steering and Load Balancing 377 10.5.3 IEEE 802.11 (WiFi) Integration 378
References 378 11. Future Research Topics 379 11.1 Future Mobile Network
Scenarios 379 11.1.1 Heterogeneous Networks 379 11.1.2 Cloud RAN 380 11.1.3
Requirements for Future OAM Systems 381 11.2 Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN)
381 11.2.1 From SON to CRN 381 11.2.2 Definitions 382 11.2.3 Framework 383
11.2.4 Artificial Intelligence 385 11.3 Applications 387 11.3.1
Self-Configuration 387 11.3.2 Self-Optimisation 387 11.3.3 Self-Healing 388
11.3.4 Operation 388 11.4 Conclusion 389 References 389 Index 391