Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Lubomirski Ramparts was a 12 kilometre-long earthwork surrounding the city of Warsaw in late 18th and 19th century. A line of earthworks with a dry moat separated the city of Warsaw from the countryside. Erected by Stanis aw Lubomirski, the then Grand Marshal of the Crown, in 1770, it was intended as a sanitary measure to stop plague epidemics ravaging Central Europe at that time. Travellers were allowed to enter the city only through several breaches in the ramparts dubbed rogatki. The term later entered the Polish language to signify any kind of toll house.
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