Lupinus, commonly known as lupins is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae. The genus comprises various species, mostly located in North and South America. lupins are widely grown for food or used as ornamental plants. This book discusses the applications of biochemical and molecular markers for assessing the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Lupinus L. germplasm in order to provide developed technologies for crop improvement. This book is of interest to plant geneticists, plant breeders, researchers, and scientists.