Every company must adapt to internal and external changes in its environment. This adaptation requires appropriate behaviors from both employees and employers who must admit that nothing is ever a given. Faced with this uncertainty, a good number of companies rely more on the human factor whose level and specificity of skills is a key issue. Knowing how to enrich the skills of workers, better organize them and manage them is not only a great challenge but also an urgent need to optimize the productivity of the company. This study focused on skills management and productivity optimization: a challenge for private companies in Cameroon attempts to shed light on this issue.