Jean E Jackson

Managing Multiculturalism

Indigeneity and the Struggle for Rights in Colombia

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Jean E. Jackson is Professor Emerita of Anthropology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Her books include Indigenous Movements, Self-Representation and the State in Latin America (2002), co-edited with Kay B. Warren, and "Camp Pain": Talking with Chronic Pain Patients (2000).

---

Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Stanford University Press
• Seitenzahl: 328
• Erscheinungstermin: 12. Februar 2019
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 226mm x 152mm x 28mm
• Gewicht: 499g
• ISBN-13: 9781503607699
• ISBN-10: 1503607690
• Artikelnr.: 50911633

Autorenporträt

Jean E. Jackson is Professor Emerita of Anthropology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Her books include Indigenous Movements, Self-Representation and the State in Latin America (2002), co-edited with Kay B. Warren, and "Camp Pain": Talking with Chronic Pain Patients (2000).

Inhaltsangabe

Contents and Abstracts
Introduction:
chapter abstract
The introductory chapter presents the book's rationale: an exploration of
indigeneity in Colombia, in particular how and why the indigenous movement
was able to accomplish so much, especially with respect to territorial
rights-claiming, given that indigenous people constitute only a small part
of the national population. A brief history of indigenous activism in Latin
America is provided, followed by a brief presentation of Colombia's history
vis-à-vis its indigenous communities. The armed conflict is discussed,
along with the development of official multiculturalism, constitutional
reform, and changing notions of citizenship and of the state itself. The
discussion then moves to an introduction to the author's five decades of
ethnographic research in the country. Definitions of key terms follow
(multiculturalism, neoliberalism, identity, culture, and indigeneity), and
an outline of the chapters.
1Indigenous Colombia
chapter abstract
This chapter begins with a brief history of indigenous organizing in
Colombia, followed by discussion of the shift to official multiculturalism
during the 1980s, which culminated in the 1991 constitution. The
significance of constitutional reform for the country's indigenous
communities, which reversed decades of assimilationist policies, greatly
strengthened customary law (legal pluralism, also known as special
jurisdiction), and promoted legislation that eventually handed over almost
30 percent of national territory to the country's indigenous communities,
is discussed. Changing notions of citizenship are also examined, along with
the crucial role of two new institutions, the Constitutional Court and the
Acción de Tutela, a writ for the immediate protection of constitutional
rights. A brief introduction to the country's Afro-Colombians, along with
an examination of official recognition of rights for Black communities as
compared to those for indigenous communities, concludes the chapter.
2Tukanoan Culture and the Issue of "Culture"
chapter abstract
This chapter examines the challenges to anthropological theories of culture
posed by political organizing around cultural and ethnic rights. The
evolution of the Regional Indigenous Council of the Vaupés, CRIVA,
illustrates many of the difficulties activists (and NGOs and state
functionaries) encounter when they deploy culture for political ends.
Jackson also touches on postmodern questions about authorial reflexivity
and ethnographic representation in an account of her search for an analytic
approach that would avoid giving the impression that she was judging
CRIVA's representations of Tukanoan culture in an entirely negative manner.
The chapter explores the question of how to conduct research on these
sensitive topics without inciting opprobrium in research communities, as
well as in the larger activist and scholarly communities.
3The State's Presence in the Vaupés Increases
chapter abstract
This chapter examines local implementation of national multiculturalist
policies in the Vaupés (Northwest Amazon), a previously neglected region
that has experienced a significant increase in national and international
interest because of its high proportion of indigenous inhabitants. The
chapter first discusses the shifting status of the hunter-gatherer people
known as Nukak, a change due to their newly valorized identity as
authentic, radically indigenous Others, as well as the impact of new
discourses of equality and indigenous brotherhood that were entering the
region. The chapter discusses the consequences of the differential degrees
of indigenousness attributed to the Nukak and two other pueblos living in
neighboring Guaviare, contradicting the state's assumption that all native
communities are equally indigenous.
4The Indigenous Movement and Rights
chapter abstract
This chapter begins by describing a nationwide crisis in which indigenous
activists occupied numerous government offices throughout Colombia, which
revealed pressures on the indigenous movement to move from a discourse of
generic indigenous militancy to one of rights-claiming based on
culture-specific difference and traditional leadership. The chapter then
discusses examples of clashes between Western criminal law and indigenous
communities' traditions concerning judging, sentencing, and punishing
wrongdoers, a result of the constitution's recognition of the special
indigenous jurisdiction. These examples highlight the complexities of legal
pluralism and the need to examine how a community either rejects or revises
and adopts human rights discourses.
5Reindigenization and Its Discontents
chapter abstract
This chapter discusses several communities working to recover their
indigenous identity-a process known as reindigenization. Unlike many
classes of people claiming rights whose membership in their class is fairly
straightforward (e.g., women), people claiming indigenous rights may be
challenged as not indigenous, or not indigenous enough. Given the Colombian
constitution's lack of criteria for determining indigenousness and the
ever-increasing volume of petitions requesting official recognition, the
government has issued ever-more stringent requirements. Established
communities also resisted reindigenizing projects, illustrating how, as
indigenousness becomes associated with cultural and political capital, its
boundaries become more closely policed. The chapter also discusses the
links between indigeneity and heritage, patrimony, and marketing
discourses, in particular UNESCO's notion of intangible heritage, as well
as urban reindigenization efforts in two communities that self-identify as
Muisca. These cases shed light on the issue of authenticity, in particular
the role of anthropologists as authenticators.
Conclusion: Indigeneity's Ironies and Contradictions
chapter abstract
This concluding chapter reviews the book's major points, one of them being
what the Colombian case, with its small minority of indigenous citizens,
can contribute to the literature on Latin American indigenous movements.
Other points reviewed include the circularity inescapable in the cultural
politics of indigeneity, in which culture is a right but also a site from
which to claim rights; notions of authentic indigeneity, especially with
respect to reindigenization; state multiculturalism and the consequences of
constitutional reform; the role of broad national support for indigenous
rights; Colombia's version of legal pluralism; the evolution of conceptions
of cultural value and authenticity; public perceptions of indigenous
communities, activists, and issues; stereotypes of indigeneity;
ethnographic ethics; and the role of anthropologists as arbiters of
authentic indigenous culture (who qualifies as indigenous, and who gets to
decide?).