Mangrove ecosystem plays an important role in the social, economic and ecological aspects and in the livelihood of those households in the coastal region. The study was conducted in Mandaithivu East and Mandaithivu West where the mangrove ecosystem is prominent in Jaffna district. The aim of this book is to study the environmental impacts of Mangrove destruction, to assess the economic value of mangrove ecosystem and also to recommend alternate strategies to protect mangrove population.