Maritime areas constitute a crucible of considerable challenges for coastal States and for all of humanity. They are in fact prodigious vectors of circulation and international trade (economists often point out that at least 90% of world trade flows by sea and through the canals of thousands of ships of all nationalities and ports of more than more gigantic and highly job-creating); they also constitute the immense receptacle of enormous resources of all kinds (mineral, fisheries, energy) generating very high profitability industries. But these spaces remain the extension at sea of land territories, and consequently a very complex center for the exercise of state powers, and inevitably also the very sensitive seat of sometimes conflicting sovereignties and the source of worrying economic, geopolitical and geostrategic claims ( the race for resources accentuating these phenomena to the extreme). Finally, these are very fragile spaces, unfortunately exposed to multiple and very destructive attacks, and in particular to the risk of pollution.