Oil and Gas exploration activities generate water as the main effluent, technically called production water or produced water (PW). PW is water generated as a by-product of oil and natural gas production during the separation process that these fluids pass through, so that they can then be transformed into marketable products. Given its great potential to pollute the environment and negative impacts to the production facilities the management/treatment of PW is needed. Among the aspects of PW that deserve attention are its high volumes and the complexity of its chemical composition.
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