Materials science, often regarded as the foundation of technological progress, has significantly shaped the course of human history. From the discovery of fire and the invention of the wheel to the development of advanced electronics and space exploration, the utilization of materials has been pivotal in humanity's journey. In the contemporary era, the applications of materials science have expanded exponentially, encompassing a broad spectrum of domains that touch upon our daily lives and our quest to understand and improve the world around us. This book explores the multifaceted applications of materials science in six distinct areas: environment, agriculture, wound healing, drug development, radiation shielding, and the search for extra-terrestrial life.