Maxillary sinus is a largest paranasal sinus and is pyramidal in shape which pneumatize at the age of 15.Maxillary sinus augmentation is a widely used method of to increase the vertical bone height in case of residual ridge resorption, pneumatization, early dental extractions which has vital structures around surrounding the sinus so it is important to know the anatomy, biomaterials, complications, their management and the post-operative care to ensure the safety of the patient. clinical and radiological investigation are important in deciding the diagnosis and ensuring proper treatment protocol. Following the advancement in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery newer techniques are employed in the treatment of techniques which are lesser invasive and has lesser post-operative complications.