This research work analyzes the health risks associated with the degradation of the urban environment in M'Batto. Archival sources, bibliographical research, oral and electronic sources were chosen to carry out this study. They revealed the disproportionate and disorderly spatial expansion, demographic growth driven by dynamic economic activities, solid and liquid waste, anarchic occupation of urban spaces, nuisances associated with incivism and the lack of eco-citizen behavior on the part of a fringe of the population, all of which degrade the urban environment. Indeed, despite Decree No. 2005-267 of July 21, 2005 of Law No. 2003-308 of July 7, 2003, concerning the transfer and distribution of powers from the State to local authorities and conferring on the commune powers in the field of environmental protection, the spatial markers of environmental degradation remain at city level.