The success of dental treatments depends not only on biological, chemical, physical, and pathophysiological principles but also on the sufficient and precise knowledge of the mechanical properties of dental substrate and materials. The assessment of the mechanical properties of dental substrate and materials is vital for developing bio-compatible dental materials used in dentistry. This knowledge will allow you to differentiate the potential causes of clinical failures that may be attributed to material deficiencies, design features, dentist errors, technician errors, or patient factors such as diet, biting force magnitude, and force orientation.