Despite their many common features (mechanical behavior, multi-scale structure, evolutionary and living characteristics, etc.), the tissues that make up the human body each have specific characteristics linked to their function, which require the development of dedicated experimental, theoretical and numerical methods. Mechanics of Living Tissues brings together the work of a number of experts to provide an overview of the most recent approaches developed to study the biomechanical behavior of these soft tissues, in order to understand their structure and apparent behavior. Specific tissues…mehr
Despite their many common features (mechanical behavior, multi-scale structure, evolutionary and living characteristics, etc.), the tissues that make up the human body each have specific characteristics linked to their function, which require the development of dedicated experimental, theoretical and numerical methods. Mechanics of Living Tissues brings together the work of a number of experts to provide an overview of the most recent approaches developed to study the biomechanical behavior of these soft tissues, in order to understand their structure and apparent behavior. Specific tissues are analyzed across the chapters with the aim of developing solutions that address the clinical problems encountered. Conclusions are then drawn regarding future methods that will improve the current state of knowledge of the behavior of these living tissues, in particular with a view to predicting the effect of a pathology or medical procedure on their apparent properties.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Cédric Laurent is a university professor who teaches mechanics in engineering schools, and is a researcher in biomechanics at the University of Lorraine, France. His research activities focus mainly on the mechanical behavior of soft tissues. Claude Verdier is a Research Director at CNRS, France, former director of the GDR Mécabio, and former chairman of Section 9 of the Comité national de la recherche scientifique (CoNRS).
Inhaltsangabe
Preface xi Cédric LAURENT Introduction: Mechanics of Living Tissues: Applications, Challenges and Methods xiii Cédric LAURENT Chapter 1. Biomechanics of the Liver: Characterizations, Modeling and Clinical Applications 1 Simon CHATELIN, Philippe GARTEISER and Bernard E. VAN BEERS 1.1. Anatomy and clinical issues 1 1.2. Experimental biomechanical characterizations 5 1.3. Elastography for the diagnosis of fibrosis, cirrhosis, inflammation and liver tumors 12 1.4. Mechanical modeling 17 1.5. Conclusion and outlook 21 1.6. Acknowledgments 21 1.7. References 22 Chapter 2. Biomechanics of the Skin: Characterizations, Modeling and Scalp Applications 33 Yves VALLET and Cédric LAURENT 2.1. Anatomy and properties of the skin 34 2.2. Characterization of the mechanical properties of the skin 37 2.3. Imaging of the skin 45 2.4. Modeling the mechanical behavior of the skin 47 2.5. A special case: the scalp 50 2.6. References 54 Chapter 3. Biomechanics of the Cornea 65 Chloé GIRAUDET and Jean-Marc ALLAIN 3.1. Anatomy and clinical problems 65 3.2. Experimental characterization 72 3.3. Modeling mechanical behavior 86 3.4. Biomaterials 88 3.5. Acknowledgements 89 3.6. References 89 Chapter 4. Biomechanical Modeling of the Human Tongue 95 Maxime CALKA, Pascal PERRIER, Michel ROCHETTE and Yohan PAYAN 4.1. Introduction 95 4.2. Anatomy of the tongue: environment, topology and partitioning 96 4.3. State of the art on biomechanical modeling of the human tongue 98 4.4. Our 3D FE model of the human tongue 100 4.5. Numerical simulations 104 4.6. Discussion 111 4.7. Perspective: model order reduction for real-time simulation 112 4.8. Conclusion 112 4.9. References 113 Chapter 5. Biomechanical Characterization of the Disc of the Temporomandibular Joint 117 Lara TAPPERT, Adrien BALDIT and Pawel LIPINSKI 5.1. Anatomical and geometric description of the temporomandibular joint and its discs 118 5.2. Biomechanics of the temporomandibular joint disc 126 5.3. Perspectives on the study of the temporomandibular joint disc 141 5.4. References 142 Chapter 6. Biomechanics of the Intervertebral Disc 149 Pascal SWIDER 6.1. Introduction 149 6.2. Anatomy of the spine, disc and clinical issues 150 6.3. IVD modeling 159 6.4. IVD and therapeutic strategies. 160 6.5. Conclusion and outlook 161 6.6. References 161 Chapter 7. Biomechanics of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) 169 Cédric LAURENT 7.1. Introduction: ACL physiology and pathologies 169 7.2. Mechanical characterization of the ACL 174 7.3. Biomechanical modeling of the ACL 180 7.4. Toward tissue engineering of the ACL 185 7.5. References 190 Chapter 8. Mechanoregulation in Soft Biological Tissues: Application to the Development of Arterial Calcifications 203 Madge MARTIN, Claire MORIN and Stéphane AVRIL 8.1. Introduction 203 8.2. Mechanoregulation of arteries 209 8.3. Biochemistry of MAC 218 8.4. Conclusion 233 8.5. References 234 Chapter 9. Biomechanics of Bone Tissue and Its Interactions with Surrounding Tissues 247 Émilie SAPIN-DE BROSSES and David MITTON 9.1. Introduction 247 9.2. Anatomy and physiology of bone from the macroscopic to the molecular scale 248 9.3. Bone tissue imaging and key morphological features 253 9.4. Mechanical behavior of bone and characterization methods 256 9.5. Interactions of bone tissue with surrounding tissues, and clinical implications 266 9.6. Conclusion and outlook 270 9.7. References 271 Conclusion 279 Cédric LAURENT List of Authors 299 Index 303
Preface xi Cédric LAURENT Introduction: Mechanics of Living Tissues: Applications, Challenges and Methods xiii Cédric LAURENT Chapter 1. Biomechanics of the Liver: Characterizations, Modeling and Clinical Applications 1 Simon CHATELIN, Philippe GARTEISER and Bernard E. VAN BEERS 1.1. Anatomy and clinical issues 1 1.2. Experimental biomechanical characterizations 5 1.3. Elastography for the diagnosis of fibrosis, cirrhosis, inflammation and liver tumors 12 1.4. Mechanical modeling 17 1.5. Conclusion and outlook 21 1.6. Acknowledgments 21 1.7. References 22 Chapter 2. Biomechanics of the Skin: Characterizations, Modeling and Scalp Applications 33 Yves VALLET and Cédric LAURENT 2.1. Anatomy and properties of the skin 34 2.2. Characterization of the mechanical properties of the skin 37 2.3. Imaging of the skin 45 2.4. Modeling the mechanical behavior of the skin 47 2.5. A special case: the scalp 50 2.6. References 54 Chapter 3. Biomechanics of the Cornea 65 Chloé GIRAUDET and Jean-Marc ALLAIN 3.1. Anatomy and clinical problems 65 3.2. Experimental characterization 72 3.3. Modeling mechanical behavior 86 3.4. Biomaterials 88 3.5. Acknowledgements 89 3.6. References 89 Chapter 4. Biomechanical Modeling of the Human Tongue 95 Maxime CALKA, Pascal PERRIER, Michel ROCHETTE and Yohan PAYAN 4.1. Introduction 95 4.2. Anatomy of the tongue: environment, topology and partitioning 96 4.3. State of the art on biomechanical modeling of the human tongue 98 4.4. Our 3D FE model of the human tongue 100 4.5. Numerical simulations 104 4.6. Discussion 111 4.7. Perspective: model order reduction for real-time simulation 112 4.8. Conclusion 112 4.9. References 113 Chapter 5. Biomechanical Characterization of the Disc of the Temporomandibular Joint 117 Lara TAPPERT, Adrien BALDIT and Pawel LIPINSKI 5.1. Anatomical and geometric description of the temporomandibular joint and its discs 118 5.2. Biomechanics of the temporomandibular joint disc 126 5.3. Perspectives on the study of the temporomandibular joint disc 141 5.4. References 142 Chapter 6. Biomechanics of the Intervertebral Disc 149 Pascal SWIDER 6.1. Introduction 149 6.2. Anatomy of the spine, disc and clinical issues 150 6.3. IVD modeling 159 6.4. IVD and therapeutic strategies. 160 6.5. Conclusion and outlook 161 6.6. References 161 Chapter 7. Biomechanics of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) 169 Cédric LAURENT 7.1. Introduction: ACL physiology and pathologies 169 7.2. Mechanical characterization of the ACL 174 7.3. Biomechanical modeling of the ACL 180 7.4. Toward tissue engineering of the ACL 185 7.5. References 190 Chapter 8. Mechanoregulation in Soft Biological Tissues: Application to the Development of Arterial Calcifications 203 Madge MARTIN, Claire MORIN and Stéphane AVRIL 8.1. Introduction 203 8.2. Mechanoregulation of arteries 209 8.3. Biochemistry of MAC 218 8.4. Conclusion 233 8.5. References 234 Chapter 9. Biomechanics of Bone Tissue and Its Interactions with Surrounding Tissues 247 Émilie SAPIN-DE BROSSES and David MITTON 9.1. Introduction 247 9.2. Anatomy and physiology of bone from the macroscopic to the molecular scale 248 9.3. Bone tissue imaging and key morphological features 253 9.4. Mechanical behavior of bone and characterization methods 256 9.5. Interactions of bone tissue with surrounding tissues, and clinical implications 266 9.6. Conclusion and outlook 270 9.7. References 271 Conclusion 279 Cédric LAURENT List of Authors 299 Index 303
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