This monograph is a collection of scientific papers published by the staff of the International Department of Nuclear Physics, New Materials and Technologies, the Laboratory of Engineering Profile of L.N. Gumilev Eurasian National University and the Laboratory of Solid State Physics of Astana Branch of the Institute of Nuclear Physics of DOE RK, devoted to the study of defect formation mechanisms arising from the irradiation of heavy ions in structural materials based on ceramics. Special attention in the monograph is paid to non-destructive methods of evaluation of radiation damage in ceramics, arising as a result of interaction with heavy ions, as well as the kinetics of their changes depending on the irradiation dose and type of irradiation.This monograph was supported by the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan within the framework of grant project AP08051975 "Study of radiation resistance and evaluation of applicability of nitride ceramics as structural materials for nuclear power engineering".