Mechanobiology

Exploitation for Medical Benefit
Herausgegeben:Rawlinson, Simon C. F.

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

An emerging field at the interface of biology and engineering, mechanobiology explores the mechanisms by which cells sense and respond to mechanical signals--and holds great promise in one day unravelling the mysteries of cellular and extracellular matrix mechanics to cure a broad range of diseases. Mechanobiology: Exploitation for Medical Benefit presents a comprehensive overview of principles of mechanobiology, highlighting the extent to which biological tissues are exposed to the mechanical environment, demonstrating the importance of the mechanical environment in living systems, and critically reviewing the latest experimental procedures in this emerging field.

Featuring contributions from several top experts in the field, chapters begin with an introduction to fundamental mechanobiological principles; and then proceed to explore the relationship of this extensive force in nature to tissues of musculoskeletal systems, heart and lung vasculature, the kidney glomerulus,and cutaneous tissues. Examples of some current experimental models are presented conveying relevant aspects of mechanobiology, highlighting emerging trends and promising avenues of research in the development of innovative therapies.

Timely and important, Mechanobiology: Exploitation for Medical Benefit offers illuminating insights into an emerging field that has the potential to revolutionise our comprehension of appropriate cell biology and the future of biomedical research.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley & Sons / Wiley-Blackwell
• Artikelnr. des Verlages: 1W118966140
• 1. Auflage
• Seitenzahl: 432
• Erscheinungstermin: 6. Februar 2017
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 246mm x 170mm x 25mm
• Gewicht: 998g
• ISBN-13: 9781118966143
• ISBN-10: 1118966147
• Artikelnr.: 44944704

Autorenporträt

Simon Rawlinson, PhD, is a Lecturer in the Institute of Bioengineering in the Queen Mary's School of Medicine & Dentistry.  The majority of his research has concentrated on the response of limb bone cells in situ to applied, physiological, dynamic mechanical loads with the objective of gaining an insight to the mechanotransduction consequences to usage.

Inhaltsangabe

List of Contributors xiii

Preface xvii

1 Extracellular Matrix Structure and Stem Cell Mechanosensing 1
Nicholas D. Evans and Camelia G. Tusan

1.1 Mechanobiology 1

1.2 Stem Cells 3

1.3 Substrate Stiffness in Cell Behavior 5

1.3.1 A Historical Perspective on Stiffness Sensing 5

1.4 Stem Cells and Substrate Stiffness 7

1.4.1 ESCs and Substrate Stiffness 8

1.4.2 Collective Cell Behavior in Substrate Stiffness Sensing 11

1.5 Material Structure and Future Perspectives in Stem Cell Mechanobiology 14

1.6 Conclusion 15

References 16

2 Molecular Pathways of Mechanotransduction: From Extracellular Matrix to Nucleus 23
Hamish T. J. Gilbert and Joe Swift

2.1 Introduction: Mechanically Influenced Cellular Behavior 23

2.2 Mechanosensitive Molecular Mechanisms 24

2.3 Methods Enabling the Study of Mechanobiology 29

2.4 Conclusion 34

Acknowledgements 34

References 34

3 Sugar?-Coating the Cell: The Role of the Glycocalyx in Mechanobiology 43
Stefania Marcotti and Gwendolen C. Reilly

3.1 What is the Glycocalyx? 43

3.2 Composition of the Glycocalyx 44

3.3 Morphology of the Glycocalyx 45

3.4 Mechanical Properties of the Glycocalyx 46

3.5 Mechanobiology of the Endothelial Glycocalyx 49

3.6 Does the Glycocalyx Play a Mechanobiological Role in Bone? 50

3.7 Glycocalyx in Muscle 52

3.8 How Can the Glycocalyx be Exploited for Medical Benefit? 53

3.9 Conclusion 53

References 54

4 The Role of the Primary Cilium in Cellular Mechanotransduction: An Emerging Therapeutic Target 61
Kian F. Eichholz and David A. Hoey

4.1 Introduction 61

4.2 The Primary Cilium 63

4.3 Cilia?-Targeted Therapeutic Strategies 68

4.4 Conclusion 70

Acknowledgements 70

References 70

5 Mechanosensory and Chemosensory Primary Cilia in Ciliopathy and Ciliotherapy 75
Surya M. Nauli, Rinzhin T. Sherpa, Caretta J. Reese, and Andromeda M. Nauli

5.1 Introduction 75

5.2 Mechanobiology and Diseases 76

5.3 Primary Cilia as Biomechanics 78

5.4 Modulating Mechanobiology Pathways 83

5.5 Conclusion 85

References 86

6 Mechanobiology of Embryonic Skeletal Development: Lessons for Osteoarthritis 101
Andrea S. Pollard and Andrew A. Pitsillides

6.1 Introduction 101

6.2 An Overview of Embryonic Skeletal Development 102

6.3 Regulation of Joint Formation 103

6.4 Regulation of Endochondral Ossification 105

6.5 An Overview of Relevant Osteoarthritic Joint Changes 106

6.6 Lessons for Osteoarthritis from Joint Formation 108

6.7 Lessons for Osteoarthritis from Endochondral Ossification 109

6.8 Conclusion 110

Acknowledgements 111

References 111

7 Modulating Skeletal Responses to Mechanical Loading by Targeting Estrogen Receptor Signaling 115
Gabriel L. Galea and Lee B. Meakin

7.1 Introduction 115

7.2 Biomechanical Activation of Estrogen Receptor Signaling: In Vitro Studies 116

7.3 Skeletal Consequences of Altered Estrogen Receptor Signaling: In Vivo Mouse Studies 120

7.4 Skeletal Consequences of Human Estrogen Receptor Polymorphisms: Human Genetic and Exercise?-Intervention Studies 125

7.5 Conclusion 126

References 126

8 Mechanical Responsiveness of Distinct Skeletal Elements: Possible Exploitation of Low Weight?-Bearing Bone 131
Simon C. F. Rawlinson

8.1 Introduction 131