Preface,
1 Background and History,
Introduction: What Is News?
The Development of the Press and the American Revolution,
Changes in News Reporting,
Shaping Public Opinion,
The Establishment of Professional Journalism,
Investigative Journalism,
Newsmagazines,
Radio News Broadcasting,
Network Television News Programming,
Public Broadcasting,
Talk Radio,
Cable Television and 24-Hour News Networks,
News Satire and "Fake News" Television Shows,
Tabloid Television News,
Media Consolidation,
Digital News and Information,
News Goes Online,
Shifts in News Producers and Audiences,
Conclusion,
Bibliography,
2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions,
Introduction,
Economic Challenges in the News Industry,
The News Business Model,
News Deserts,
Media Consolidation,
News and Audiences,
News Polarization, Partisanship, and Trust,
News Customization,
News Bias,
Newsroom Diversity,
Challenges to Reliable Information: A Contemporary Exploration of Terms,
The Need for Reliable Information,
"Fake News,"
Misinformation and Disinformation,
Propaganda,
Promotional Information,
Content Fabricated by Journalists,
Conspiracy Theories,
Digital Technologies and News and Information,
News Algorithms,
The Facebook News Feed,
Social Media Bots,
Deepfake Videos,
Solutions,
Organization Initiatives,
Increasing News and Information Literacy,
Searching for New Models of News,
Conclusion,
Bibliography,
3 Perspectives,
Introduction,
The 1970s Newsrooms Balanced Past and Future
Dennis Lein,
From Anonymous Sources to Analytics and Embedded Tweets: The Evolution of
News Sourcing in Modern Journalism
Sean R. Sadri,
Unlocking the Keys to the Brave "News" World: News Literacy as the World's
Most Important Resource
Julie Frechette,
Fake News Is Old News: The Blurry Boundaries between Journalism and Public
Relations
Lori Bindig Yousman,
Western News Media Coverage of Muslims and Arabs: From 9/11 to the Trump
Era
Nahed Eltantawy,
A Plea for Print
Erica Drzewiecki,
Searching for the Source: Bots, Misinformation, and You
Randall Livingstone,
Is Television News Satire the Problem or the Solution?
Bill Yousman,
Alive Day
Kate Felsen,
4 Profiles,
Introduction,
People,
Joseph Pulitzer (1847-1911),
Ida Tarbell (1857-1944),
Adolph Ochs (1858-1935),
William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951),
Rheta Childe Dorr (1866-1948),
Henry Luce (1868-1967),
Dorothy Thompson (1893-1961),
Margaret Bourke-White (1904-1971),
Edward R. Murrow (1908-1965),
Walter Cronkite (1916-2009),
John H. Johnson (1918-2005),
Helen Thomas (1920-2013),
Barbara Walters (1931-),
Carole Simpson (1940-),
Robert (Bob) Woodward (1943-),
Arianna Huffington (1950-),
Oprah Winfrey (1954-),
Amy Goodman (1957-),
Christiane Amanpour (1958-),
Jorge Ramos (1958-),
Ira Glass (1959-),
Nonny de la Peña,
Jodi Rave-Spotted Bear (1964-),
Soledad O'Brien (1966-),
Lisa Ling (1973-),
Ezra Klein (1984-),
Organizations,
CNN (Cable News Network) (1980-),
USA Today (1982-),
The Daily Show (1996-),
Fox News/The Fox News Channel (1996-),
Google News (2002-),
Facebook (2004-),
Twitter (2006-),
Breitbart News Network (2007-),
5 Data and Documents,
Introduction,
Ways Consumers Access News,
Figure 5.1: Percentages of Adults Who Note They Often Get News from These
Sources in 2018,
Figure 5.2: Percentages of Adults Who Obtain News from Popular Social Media
Sites, 2018 versus 2013,
News Deserts,
Table 5.1 State Counts of Counties with No Local Newspaper or Only One
Local Newspaper,
Perceptions of News Media,
Figure 5.3 Trust in News Media,
Figure 5.4 Democrats' Perceptions of the Composition of News Coverage,
Figure 5.5 Republicans' Perceptions of the Composition of News Coverage,
Research on Unreliable Information,
Table 5.2 Examples of "Fake News" Websites,
Table 5.3 Examples of Approaches Some Countries Are Taking to Address
Misinformation Online,
Media Ownership Rules,
Document 5.1 FCC Changes in Broadcast Ownership Rules (2017),
Considering Unreliable Information,
Document 5.2 The Great Moon Hoax (1835),
Document 5.3 Louis Seibold's Fabricated Interview with President Wilson
(1920),
Document 5.4 Call for U.S. Government Disclosure of Video News Release Use
(2005),
Current Discussions of News and Information,
Document 5.5 Overview of Social Media Use by Russian Operatives (2018),
Document 5.6 News Media Alliance's David Chavern's Statement on Technology
Companies and Journalism (2018),
Document 5.7 Judiciary Hearing on Social Media and Content Filtering
Practices (2018),
Addressing "Deepfake" Videos,
Document 5.8 Excerpts of the Malicious Deep Fake Prohibition Act of 2018,
Organizational Initiatives,
Figure 5.6 7 Types of Mis- and Disinformation,
Figure 5.7 Misinformation Matrix,
Document 5.9 Recommendations from the Knight Commission on Trust, Media and
Democracy (2019),
6 Resources,
Introduction,
Books and Articles/Historical Resources,
Books and Articles/Contemporary History and Topics,
Research Organizations and Nonprofits,
Relevant Scholarly Journals,
Additional Web Resources, Videos, and Podcasts,
Tools and Organizations That Help People Develop Skills to Critically
Assess Information,
Popular "Legacy" News Media,
High Circulating Newspapers,
Broadcast/Cablecast News Organizations,
Public News Organizations,
Common News Agencies in the United States,
7 Chronology,
Glossary,
Index,
About the Author,
