Medical emergencies are an uncommon occurrence in the dental office, and when they do occur, they are usually noted in the adult population. However, emergency situations may also arise in the pediatric population seeking dental treatment. The incidence of these emergencies is rare; however, if they do occur, they may have severe and long term effects. Thus an adequate knowledge of the management of medical emergencies in the pediatric dental population is essential for the professionals treating them on a regular basis. This literature review will focus on the commonly occurring emergencies in a pediatric dental set up, the recognition and management of the same.