This monograph is based on lectures I gave in a graduate course at the Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. We note that the first official census in Eastern Rumelia, dates from 1884 and official statistics (including medical statistics) was born much later. Research has been channeled into two directions - a study of the most common diseases (based on newly discovered archival units) in Eastern Rumelia for a) civilians (as an example we publish full details of accepted cured and others for further treatment Anchialos - Mesembria Hospital (1882-1883)); b) fighting composition of battalions (druzhini) in the Eastern Rumelian Militias (May - July, 1879). In this sense, we hope that our research may be useful for researchers working on these still not sufficiently researched topics "Health in Eastern Rumelia. Medical statistics".