This collection of readings with extensive editorial commentary brings together key texts of the most influential philosophers of the medieval era to provide a comprehensive introduction for students of philosophy. .
This collection of readings with extensive editorial commentary brings together key texts of the most influential philosophers of the medieval era to provide a comprehensive introduction for students of philosophy. .
Gyula Klima is a professor of philosophy at Fordham University. He acts as director of the international Society of Medieval Logic and Metaphysics and an executive council member of the American Catholic Philosophical Association since 2003. Klima is the author of ARS ARTIUM: Essays in Philosophical Semantics, Medieval and Modern (1988) and John Buridan: Summulae de Dialectica (2001). Fritz Allhoff is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Western Michigan University. He has published work in journals including American Journal of Bioethics, History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, International Journal of Applied Philosophy, and Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal. Anand Jayprakash Vaidya is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at San José State University. His research is in Metaphysics & Epistemology, and Philosophy of Mind.
Inhaltsangabe
Text Sources and Credits viii Acknowledgments xiii General Introduction 1 (26) PART I LOGIC AND EPISTEMOLOGY 27 (124) Introduction 27 (4) Philosophy, Theology, Logic, and the Sciences 31 (1) Augustine on Ancient Philosophy 31 (12) Dialetica Monacensis (anonymous, twelfth century) on the Division of Science 43 (2) Thomas Aquinas on the Nature and Scope of Sacred Doctrine 45 (14) The Problem of Universals 59 (1) Boethius Against Real Universals 59 (4) John of Salisbury on the Controversy over Universals 63 (3) The Summa Lamberti on the Properties of Terms 66 (5) William Ockham on Universals 71 (8) John Buridan on the Predicables 79 (4) Illumination vs. Abstraction, and Scientific Knowledge 83 (1) Augustine on Divine Ideas and Illumination 83 (4) Thomas Aquinas on Illumination vs. Abstraction 87 (11) Thomas Aquinas on our Knowledge of the First Principles of Demonstration 98 (5) Henry of Ghent on Divine Illumination 103 (7) Duns Scotus on Divine Illumination 110 (7) Knowledge and Skepticism 117 (1) Augustine on the Certainty of Self-Knowledge 117 (3) Thomas Aquinas on whether the Intellect Can Be False 120 (3) Henry of Ghent on whether a Human Being Can Know Anything 123 (11) Nicholas of Autrecourt on Skepticism about Substance and Causality 134 (9) John Buridan on Scientific Knowledge 143 (8) PART II PHILOSOPHY OF NATURE, PHILOSOPHY OF THE SOUL, METAPHYSICS 151 (152) Introduction 151 (6) Hylomorphism, Causality, Natural Philosophy 157 (1) Thomas Aquinas on the Principles of Nature 157 (11) Thomas Aquinas on the Mixture of Elements 168 (3) Giles of Rome on the Errors of the Philosophers 171 (9) Selections from the Condemnation of 1277 180 (10) John Buridan and the Impetus Theory of Projectile Motion 190 (5) Human Nature and the Philosophy of the Soul 195 (1) Augustine on the Soul 195 (3) Averroes on the Immateriality of the Intellect 198 (5) Siger of Brabant on the Intellective Soul 203 (4) Thomas Aquinas on the Nature and Powers of the Human Soul 207 (12) John Buridan on the Immateriality of the Soul 219 (6) Metaphysics, Existence, and Essence 225 (1) Avicenna on Common Nature 225 (2) Thomas Aquinas on Being and Essence 227 (23) John Buridan on Essence and Existence 250 (5) God's Existence and Essence 255 (1) Augustine on Divine Immutability 255 (4) Anselm of Canterbury on God's Existence 259 (7) Thomas Aquinas on God's Existence and Simplicity 266 (37) PART III PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY 303 (79) Introduction 303 (6) Goodness and Being 309 (1) Augustine on Evil as the Privation of Goodness 309 (2) Augustine on the Origin of Moral Evil 311 (7) Boethius on Being and Goodness 318 (4) Thomas Aquinas on the Convertibility of Being and Goodness 322 (3) Freedom of the Will 325 (1) Augustine on the ``Divided Will'' 325 (6) Boethius on Divine Providence and the Freedom of the Will 331 (6) Anselm of Canterbury on Free Will 337 (12) Henry of Ghent on the Primacy of the Will 349 (4) Virtues and Happiness 353 (1) Boethius of Dacia on the Supreme Good 353 (5) Thomas Aquinas on Happiness 358 (3) Divine Law, Natural Law, Positive Law 361 (1) Thomas Aquinas on Natural Law and Positive Law 361 (14) John Duns Scotus on Natural Law and Divine Law 375 (7) Suggestions for Further Reading 382 (6) Index 388
Text Sources and Credits.
Acknowledgments.
General Introduction.
Part I: Logic and Epistemology.
Introduction.
Philosophy, Theology, Logic, and the Sciences.
1. Augustine on Ancient Philosophy.
2. Dialectica Monacensis (anonymous, twelfth century) onthe Division of Science.
3. Thomas Aquinas on the Nature and Scope of SacredDoctrine.
The Problem of Universals.
4. Boethius Against Real Universals.
5. John of Salisbury on the Controversy over Universals.
6. The Summa Lamberti on the Properties of Terms.
7. William Ockham on Universals.
8. John Buridan on the Predicables.
Illumination vs. Abstraction, and Scientific Knowledge.
9. Augustine on Divine Ideas and Illumination.
10. Thomas Aquinas on Illumination vs. Abstraction.
11. Thomas Aquinas on our Knowledge of the First Principles ofDemonstration.
12. Henry of Ghent on Divine Illumination.
13. Duns Scotus on Divine Illumination.
Knowledge and Skepticism.
14. Augustine on the Certainty of Self-Knowledge.
15. Thomas Aquinas on whether the Intellect Can Be False.
16. Henry of Ghent on whether a Human Being Can KnowAnything.
17. Nicholas of Autrecourt on Skepticism about Substance andCausality.
18. John Buridan on Scientific Knowledge.
Part II: Philosophy Of Nature, Philosophy of the Soul,Metaphysics.
Introduction.
Hylomorphism, Causality, Natural Philosophy.
19. Thomas Aquinas on the Principles of Nature.
20. Thomas Aquinas on the Mixture of Elements.
21. Giles of Rome on the Errors of the Philosophers.
22. Selections from the Condemnation of 1277.
23. John Buridan and the Impetus Theory of ProjectileMotion.
Human Nature and the Philosophy of the Soul.
24. Augustine on the Soul.
25. Averroës on the Immateriality of the Intellect.
26. Siger of Brabant on the Intellective Soul.
27. Thomas Aquinas on the Nature and Powers of the HumanSoul.
28. John Buridan on the Immateriality of the Soul.
Metaphysics, Existence, and Essence.
29. Avicenna on Common Nature.
30. Thomas Aquinas on Being and Essence.
31. John Buridan on Essence and Existence.
God's Existence and Essence.
32. Augustine on Divine Immutability.
33. Anselm of Canterbury on God's Existence.
34. Thomas Aquinas on God's Existence and Simplicity.
PART III: PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY.
Introduction.
Goodness and Being.
35. Augustine on Evil as the Privation of Goodness.
36. Augustine on the Origin of Moral Evil.
37. Boethius on Being and Goodness.
38. Thomas Aquinas on the Convertibility of Being andGoodness.
Freedom of the Will.
39. Augustine on the "Divided Will".
40. Boethius on Divine Providence and the Freedom of theWill.
41. Anselm of Canterbury on Free Will.
42. Henry of Ghent on the Primacy of the Will.
Virtues and Happiness.
43. Boethius of Dacia on the Supreme Good.
44. Thomas Aquinas on Happiness.
Divine Law, Natural Law, Positive Law.
45. Thomas Aquinas on Natural Law and Positive Law.
46. John Duns Scotus on Natural Law and Divine Law.
Text Sources and Credits viii Acknowledgments xiii General Introduction 1 (26) PART I LOGIC AND EPISTEMOLOGY 27 (124) Introduction 27 (4) Philosophy, Theology, Logic, and the Sciences 31 (1) Augustine on Ancient Philosophy 31 (12) Dialetica Monacensis (anonymous, twelfth century) on the Division of Science 43 (2) Thomas Aquinas on the Nature and Scope of Sacred Doctrine 45 (14) The Problem of Universals 59 (1) Boethius Against Real Universals 59 (4) John of Salisbury on the Controversy over Universals 63 (3) The Summa Lamberti on the Properties of Terms 66 (5) William Ockham on Universals 71 (8) John Buridan on the Predicables 79 (4) Illumination vs. Abstraction, and Scientific Knowledge 83 (1) Augustine on Divine Ideas and Illumination 83 (4) Thomas Aquinas on Illumination vs. Abstraction 87 (11) Thomas Aquinas on our Knowledge of the First Principles of Demonstration 98 (5) Henry of Ghent on Divine Illumination 103 (7) Duns Scotus on Divine Illumination 110 (7) Knowledge and Skepticism 117 (1) Augustine on the Certainty of Self-Knowledge 117 (3) Thomas Aquinas on whether the Intellect Can Be False 120 (3) Henry of Ghent on whether a Human Being Can Know Anything 123 (11) Nicholas of Autrecourt on Skepticism about Substance and Causality 134 (9) John Buridan on Scientific Knowledge 143 (8) PART II PHILOSOPHY OF NATURE, PHILOSOPHY OF THE SOUL, METAPHYSICS 151 (152) Introduction 151 (6) Hylomorphism, Causality, Natural Philosophy 157 (1) Thomas Aquinas on the Principles of Nature 157 (11) Thomas Aquinas on the Mixture of Elements 168 (3) Giles of Rome on the Errors of the Philosophers 171 (9) Selections from the Condemnation of 1277 180 (10) John Buridan and the Impetus Theory of Projectile Motion 190 (5) Human Nature and the Philosophy of the Soul 195 (1) Augustine on the Soul 195 (3) Averroes on the Immateriality of the Intellect 198 (5) Siger of Brabant on the Intellective Soul 203 (4) Thomas Aquinas on the Nature and Powers of the Human Soul 207 (12) John Buridan on the Immateriality of the Soul 219 (6) Metaphysics, Existence, and Essence 225 (1) Avicenna on Common Nature 225 (2) Thomas Aquinas on Being and Essence 227 (23) John Buridan on Essence and Existence 250 (5) God's Existence and Essence 255 (1) Augustine on Divine Immutability 255 (4) Anselm of Canterbury on God's Existence 259 (7) Thomas Aquinas on God's Existence and Simplicity 266 (37) PART III PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY 303 (79) Introduction 303 (6) Goodness and Being 309 (1) Augustine on Evil as the Privation of Goodness 309 (2) Augustine on the Origin of Moral Evil 311 (7) Boethius on Being and Goodness 318 (4) Thomas Aquinas on the Convertibility of Being and Goodness 322 (3) Freedom of the Will 325 (1) Augustine on the ``Divided Will'' 325 (6) Boethius on Divine Providence and the Freedom of the Will 331 (6) Anselm of Canterbury on Free Will 337 (12) Henry of Ghent on the Primacy of the Will 349 (4) Virtues and Happiness 353 (1) Boethius of Dacia on the Supreme Good 353 (5) Thomas Aquinas on Happiness 358 (3) Divine Law, Natural Law, Positive Law 361 (1) Thomas Aquinas on Natural Law and Positive Law 361 (14) John Duns Scotus on Natural Law and Divine Law 375 (7) Suggestions for Further Reading 382 (6) Index 388
Text Sources and Credits.
Acknowledgments.
General Introduction.
Part I: Logic and Epistemology.
Introduction.
Philosophy, Theology, Logic, and the Sciences.
1. Augustine on Ancient Philosophy.
2. Dialectica Monacensis (anonymous, twelfth century) onthe Division of Science.
3. Thomas Aquinas on the Nature and Scope of SacredDoctrine.
The Problem of Universals.
4. Boethius Against Real Universals.
5. John of Salisbury on the Controversy over Universals.
6. The Summa Lamberti on the Properties of Terms.
7. William Ockham on Universals.
8. John Buridan on the Predicables.
Illumination vs. Abstraction, and Scientific Knowledge.
9. Augustine on Divine Ideas and Illumination.
10. Thomas Aquinas on Illumination vs. Abstraction.
11. Thomas Aquinas on our Knowledge of the First Principles ofDemonstration.
12. Henry of Ghent on Divine Illumination.
13. Duns Scotus on Divine Illumination.
Knowledge and Skepticism.
14. Augustine on the Certainty of Self-Knowledge.
15. Thomas Aquinas on whether the Intellect Can Be False.
16. Henry of Ghent on whether a Human Being Can KnowAnything.
17. Nicholas of Autrecourt on Skepticism about Substance andCausality.
18. John Buridan on Scientific Knowledge.
Part II: Philosophy Of Nature, Philosophy of the Soul,Metaphysics.
Introduction.
Hylomorphism, Causality, Natural Philosophy.
19. Thomas Aquinas on the Principles of Nature.
20. Thomas Aquinas on the Mixture of Elements.
21. Giles of Rome on the Errors of the Philosophers.
22. Selections from the Condemnation of 1277.
23. John Buridan and the Impetus Theory of ProjectileMotion.
Human Nature and the Philosophy of the Soul.
24. Augustine on the Soul.
25. Averroës on the Immateriality of the Intellect.
26. Siger of Brabant on the Intellective Soul.
27. Thomas Aquinas on the Nature and Powers of the HumanSoul.
28. John Buridan on the Immateriality of the Soul.
Metaphysics, Existence, and Essence.
29. Avicenna on Common Nature.
30. Thomas Aquinas on Being and Essence.
31. John Buridan on Essence and Existence.
God's Existence and Essence.
32. Augustine on Divine Immutability.
33. Anselm of Canterbury on God's Existence.
34. Thomas Aquinas on God's Existence and Simplicity.
PART III: PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY.
Introduction.
Goodness and Being.
35. Augustine on Evil as the Privation of Goodness.
36. Augustine on the Origin of Moral Evil.
37. Boethius on Being and Goodness.
38. Thomas Aquinas on the Convertibility of Being andGoodness.
Freedom of the Will.
39. Augustine on the "Divided Will".
40. Boethius on Divine Providence and the Freedom of theWill.
41. Anselm of Canterbury on Free Will.
42. Henry of Ghent on the Primacy of the Will.
Virtues and Happiness.
43. Boethius of Dacia on the Supreme Good.
44. Thomas Aquinas on Happiness.
Divine Law, Natural Law, Positive Law.
45. Thomas Aquinas on Natural Law and Positive Law.
46. John Duns Scotus on Natural Law and Divine Law.
Suggestions for Further Reading.
Index
Rezensionen
"Klima has produced an impressive volume, with texts on a wide variety of medieval philosophical discussion points that show the range of views and, broadly speaking, the trajectory of historical development on the individual issues. The translations themselves are first rate, several appear for the first time in this volume, and they are accompanied by expert introductions and annotations, as well as by a guide to further reading.... Klima's anthology of medieval philosophical texts will serve well as a course textbook or for a reader interested in getting an idea of some main issues in medieval philosophy and some important medieval views on those issues." (Russell L. Friedman, Medieval Review)"A well-chosen and exciting selection of readings, demonstratingnot only the richness of medieval philosophy but also its relevancefor philosophical debate today." --Michael Beaney, University of York
"This work sets a new standard for teaching anthologies inmedieval philosophy. Because it is organized along medieval ratherthan modern lines, it offers readers a glimpse of the medievalvision of higher education, beginning with the rudiments of learneddiscourse in dialectic or logic and then moving on to naturalphilosophy and metaphysics, the study of which culminates inethics." --Jack Zupko, Emory University
"An essential collection of central readings covering amillennium of philosophy, from Augustine to John Buridan. Animportant sourcebook." --Paul Vincent Spade, Indiana University…mehr
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