This book investigates the outcome of the adoption and implementation of the Medium-term Expenditure Framework in the Nigeria budgeting process. MTEF is eulogized by the World Bank, and even donor organization DFR as the panacea to the poor public expenditure management (PEM) prevalent in most of sub - Sahara Africa. MTEF was first adopted in Nigeria, following the passage of the Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007 Act 30 to guide her national annual budgeting process. Using statistical tools, we collated data from sixteen national budgets (2003 - 2016), to investigate three key fiscal and expenditure items in the budgeting process.