The purpose of this article is to discuss meliponiculture in the sertão region of Paraíba. This very relevant activity brings great advances in sustainable rural development and is promising for the tripod of self-sustainability. The Jandaíra bee is a species of native stingless bee that generates numerous environmental, social and economic benefits for producing families. In view of this fact, we have endeavoured to address issues relating to the rearing of this species of bee.