Membrane technology of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis coupled with pretreatment technology using coagulation-flocculation and adsorption is a promising technology for the treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME). Clean water and organic fertilizer are recovered from POME and the pollution problems are solved. This book focuses on modeling and simulation studies for the pretreatment and membrane systems in POME treatment. Experimental studies for model verification are also included. Finally, an optimized membrane based POME treatment plant has been designed and discussed. This book is very useful for engineers, researchers and students dealing with wastewater treatment especially in the field of modeling-simulation studies for multi-component systems and process design optimization.