This book explores the potential of patterns of memory consolidation to enhance established cognitive profiles associated with selected neurodevelopmental disorders (ADHD, autism, velocardiofacial syndrome) in a pediatric sample. Healthy controls and children with low birth weight were used as contrast groups. The findings suggest that a thorough understanding of the memory processes within the studied diagnostic categories can inform the clinical assessment (test selection and interpretation) and management (identifying the most appropriate academic and behavioral interventions) of children affected by these conditions.