Methods in Chemical Ecology Volume 1

Chemical Methods
Herausgegeben:Millar, Jocelyn G.; Haynes, Kenneth F.

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

A working definition of the discipline of chemical ecology might be "the study of the structure, function, origin, and significance of naturally occurring compounds that mediate inter-and intraspecific interactions between organisms. " In particular, chemical ecology focuses on determining the role of semiochemicals and related compounds in their natural contexts. Thus, chemical ecology is distinct from disciplines such as pharmacology, in which compounds are screened for uses outside their natural context, for example in the screening of natural products for use as drugs. Superficially, many of the methods used in the various branches of natural products chemistry, such as pharmacology and chemical ecology, are very similar, but each branch has developed its own set of specialized methods for dealing with the problems characteristic of that discipline. For example, in chemical ecology, many semiochemicals are isolated and identified using only a few micrograms or less of material. Although the same general chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques are used as would be used with the identification of most organic compounds, specialized techniques have been developed for handling these very small quantities, allowing the maximum amount of informa tion to be recovered from the minimum amount of sample. These micro scale techniques, and the problems unique to working with very small amounts of sample, are rarely covered in detail in reference books on the isolation and identification of biologically active natural chemicals.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Springer / Springer US / Springer, Berlin
• Artikelnr. des Verlages: 978-1-4613-7476-3
• Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1998
• Seitenzahl: 420
• Erscheinungstermin: 27. September 2012
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 235mm x 155mm x 23mm
• Gewicht: 624g
• ISBN-13: 9781461374763
• ISBN-10: 1461374766
• Artikelnr.: 39494825

Autorenporträt

Kenneth F. Haynes is a Professor of Entomology in the Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.

Inhaltsangabe

1. Preparation, cleanup, and preliminary fractionation of extracts.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2. Contamination.- 1.3. Degradation.- 1.4. Sampling and collection of volatiles.- 1.5. General methods of extraction.- 1.6. Preliminary fractionation and cleanup.- 1.7. Acknowledgments.- 1.8. References.- 2. Liquid chromatography.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Thin-layer chromatography.- 2.3. Paper chromatography.- 2.4. Low pressure chromatography.- 2.5. High-pressure or high-performance liquid chromatography.- 2.6. Size exclusion chromatography.- 2.7. Ion-exchange chromatography.- 2.8. Argentation chromatography.- 2.9. Countercurrent chromatography.- 2.10. Acknowledgments.- 2.11. References.- 3. Analytical and preparative gas chromatography.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Mechanisms of separation and useful equations.- 3.3. GC system components.- 3.4. Retention indices.- 3.5. Micropreparative gas chromatography.- 3.6. Chromatographic troubleshooting.- 3.7. References.- 4. Mass spectrometry.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Background.- 4.3. Mass analyzers.- 4.4. Ion production and sample introduction methods.- 4.5. Mass spectral database searching.- 4.6. Information content of mass spectra.- 4.7. References.- 5. Structure elucidation by NMR.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Sample preparation considerations.- 5.3. Background.- 5.4. Example: Quinine.- 5.5.1H and13C spectra.- 5.6. DEPT.- 5.7. COSY.- 5.8. TOCSY.- 5.9. Experiments based on the nuclear Overhauser effect.- 5.10. Heteronuclear correlation experiments.- 5.11. INADEQUATE.- 5.12. Heteronuclear NMR.- 5.13. Gradient Field NMR.- 5.14. References.- 6. Infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy techniques.- 6.1. Introduction to infrared spectroscopy.- 6.2. Coupled gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy instrumentation.- 6.3. The infrared spectrum.- 6.4. Survey of vapor-phase absorptions of important functional groups.- 6.5. Ultraviolet spectroscopy.- 6.6. Information from UV spectra.- 6.7. Spectra from UV detectors used with HPLC.- 6.8. Acknowledgments.- 6.9. References.- 7. Microchemical techniques.- 7.1. Introduction.- 7.2. Derivatization and degradation methods (microreactions).- 7.3. Conclusion.- 7.4. Acknowledgments.- 7.5. References.- 8. Separation of enantiomers and determination of absolute configuration.- 8.1. Introduction.- 8.2. Determination of absolute configuration by chiroptical methods.- 8.3. Formation of diastereomeric derivatives.- 8.4. Determination of absolute configuration and enantiomeric purity by NMR methods.- 8.5. Determination of absolute configuration and enantiomeric purity by liquid chromatography with chiral stationary phases.- 8.6. Determination of absolute configuration and enantiomeric purity by gas chromatography.- 8.7. Conclusion.- 8.8. Acknowledgments.- 8.9. References.- 9. Electrophysiological methods.- 9.1. Introduction.- 9.2. Electroantennogram recording.- 9.3. Single-cell recording from olfactory receptors.- 9.4. Tip-recording from contact chemoreceptors.- 9.5. Restraints for difficult insects.- 9.6. Electronic construction.- 9.7. Acknowledgments.- 9.8. References.- Appendix: List of Names and Addresses of Suppliers.

Rezensionen

`Overall, the book has been very meticulously prepared, and the subject dealt with in a very comprehensive manner, given the book is only 380 pages long. Readers need to have a strong background in instrumental analysis to fully appreciate the details. Nonetheless, the book is easy to read and gives a good overview. It is ideal for advanced students in chemical ecology, microanalysis, and entomology.' Journal of Environmental Quality, 28 (1999)

`Overall, the book has been very meticulously prepared, and the subject dealt with in a very comprehensive manner, given the book is only 380 pages long. Readers need to have a strong background in instrumental analysis to fully appreciate the details. Nonetheless, the book is easy to read and gives a good overview. It is ideal for advanced students in chemical ecology, microanalysis, and entomology.'
Journal of Environmental Quality, 28 (1999)