Rapid advances in knowledge have led to an increasing interest in neuro biology over the last several years. These advances have been made possible, at least in part, by the use of increasingly sophisticated methodology. Furthermore, research in the most rapidly advancing areas is essentially multidisciplinary and is characterized by contributions from many investi gators employing a variety of techniques. While a grasp of fundamental neurobiological concepts is an obvious prerequisite for those who wish to follow or participate in this field, critical awareness and evaluation of…mehr
Rapid advances in knowledge have led to an increasing interest in neuro biology over the last several years. These advances have been made possible, at least in part, by the use of increasingly sophisticated methodology. Furthermore, research in the most rapidly advancing areas is essentially multidisciplinary and is characterized by contributions from many investi gators employing a variety of techniques. While a grasp of fundamental neurobiological concepts is an obvious prerequisite for those who wish to follow or participate in this field, critical awareness and evaluation of neurobiological research also requires an understanding of sophisticated methodologies. The objective of Methods in Neurobiology is the development of such critical abilities. The reader is exposed to the basic concepts, principles, and instrumentation of key methodologies, and the application of each meth odology is placed in the special context of neurobiological research. The reader will gain familiarity with the terminology and procedures of each method and the ability to evaluate results in light of the particular features of neurobiological preparations and applications.
1 Behavioral Techniques in Pharmacological and Neuropharmacological Analysis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Principles.- 3. Locomotor Excitation and Inhibition.- 4. Habituation.- 5. Appetitively Motivated Operant Behaviors.- 6. Aversively Motivated Behaviors.- 7. Overview.- References.- 2 Behavioral and Biochemical Methods to Study Brain Responses to Environment and Experience.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Environmental and Training Techniques.- 3. Behavioral Techniques to Test Effects of Prior Experience.- 4. Biochemical Techniques.- References.- 3 Cell Fractionation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Information on Centrifugation.- 3. Centrifuges.- 4. Homogenization.- 5. Differential Centrifugation.- 6. Analytical vs. Preparative Strategies.- References.- Selected Bibliography of Fractionation Literature.- 4 Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis: Principles, Techniques, and Micromethods.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Concepts.- 3. Outline of Electrophoretic Techniques.- 4. Practical Aspects of Electrophoresis and Micromethods.- 5. Related Techniques and Analysis of Gel Patterns.- 6. Interfacing Electrophoresis with Other Techniques.- 7. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 5 Classic Methods in Neuroanatomy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Dissection and Gross Anatomy of the Brain.- 3. Reconstruction Methods.- 4. Fixation and General Histological Procedure.- 5. Nissi Stains.- 6. Myelin Stains.- 7. Reduced-Silver Methods.- 8. Golgi Method.- 9. Histological Methods.- References.- 6 Fluorescence Microscopy of Biogenic Monoamines.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Fluorescence Microscopy and Microspectrofluorometry.- 3. Visualization of Biogenic Monoamines.- 4. Fluorescence-Histochemical Techniques for Identification and Differentiation of Biogenic Monoamines.- 5. General Conclusion.- References.- 7 Electron Microscopy in Neurobiology.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Transmission Electron Microscope: Basic Principles and Design.- 3. Electron-Microscopic Histology.- 4. Applications of Electron Microscopy in Neurobiology.- 5. Quantitative Stereology in Electron Microscopy.- References.- 8 Scanning Electron Microscopy: Applications to Neurobiology.- 1. Fundamentals of Scanning Electron Microscopy.- 2. Specific Applications of Scanning Electron Microscopy to Neurobiology.- References.- 9 Autoradiography in the Nervous System.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Application of Autoradiography in Different Fields of Neurobiological Research.- 3. Basic Principles of Autoradiography.- 4. Methods.- 5. Critical Evaluation of Anterograde Tracing Techniques.- References.- 10 Isotope Methods.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Physical Background.- 3. Isotopes of Neurobiological Interest.- 4. Labeled Compounds.- 5. Measurement of Isotopes.- 6. Statistics of Radioactivity Detection.- 7. Data Analysis in Neurobiological Applications.- References.
1 Behavioral Techniques in Pharmacological and Neuropharmacological Analysis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Principles.- 3. Locomotor Excitation and Inhibition.- 4. Habituation.- 5. Appetitively Motivated Operant Behaviors.- 6. Aversively Motivated Behaviors.- 7. Overview.- References.- 2 Behavioral and Biochemical Methods to Study Brain Responses to Environment and Experience.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Environmental and Training Techniques.- 3. Behavioral Techniques to Test Effects of Prior Experience.- 4. Biochemical Techniques.- References.- 3 Cell Fractionation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Information on Centrifugation.- 3. Centrifuges.- 4. Homogenization.- 5. Differential Centrifugation.- 6. Analytical vs. Preparative Strategies.- References.- Selected Bibliography of Fractionation Literature.- 4 Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis: Principles, Techniques, and Micromethods.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Concepts.- 3. Outline of Electrophoretic Techniques.- 4. Practical Aspects of Electrophoresis and Micromethods.- 5. Related Techniques and Analysis of Gel Patterns.- 6. Interfacing Electrophoresis with Other Techniques.- 7. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 5 Classic Methods in Neuroanatomy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Dissection and Gross Anatomy of the Brain.- 3. Reconstruction Methods.- 4. Fixation and General Histological Procedure.- 5. Nissi Stains.- 6. Myelin Stains.- 7. Reduced-Silver Methods.- 8. Golgi Method.- 9. Histological Methods.- References.- 6 Fluorescence Microscopy of Biogenic Monoamines.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Fluorescence Microscopy and Microspectrofluorometry.- 3. Visualization of Biogenic Monoamines.- 4. Fluorescence-Histochemical Techniques for Identification and Differentiation of Biogenic Monoamines.- 5. General Conclusion.- References.- 7 Electron Microscopy in Neurobiology.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Transmission Electron Microscope: Basic Principles and Design.- 3. Electron-Microscopic Histology.- 4. Applications of Electron Microscopy in Neurobiology.- 5. Quantitative Stereology in Electron Microscopy.- References.- 8 Scanning Electron Microscopy: Applications to Neurobiology.- 1. Fundamentals of Scanning Electron Microscopy.- 2. Specific Applications of Scanning Electron Microscopy to Neurobiology.- References.- 9 Autoradiography in the Nervous System.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Application of Autoradiography in Different Fields of Neurobiological Research.- 3. Basic Principles of Autoradiography.- 4. Methods.- 5. Critical Evaluation of Anterograde Tracing Techniques.- References.- 10 Isotope Methods.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Physical Background.- 3. Isotopes of Neurobiological Interest.- 4. Labeled Compounds.- 5. Measurement of Isotopes.- 6. Statistics of Radioactivity Detection.- 7. Data Analysis in Neurobiological Applications.- References.
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