Environmental protection and energy crisis are two recent challenges nowadays. Future economic growth crucially depends on the long-term availability of energy from sources that are affordable, accessible, and eco-friendly. Among several renewable energy sources, a microbial fuel cell is considered as an important renewable energy resource for sustainability the life without energy problems. It can be used for the production of electricity and treatment of water from pollutants through the biocatalytic activity of microbial community and grab the electricity from a wide range of organic substances.