Microfinance has revolutionized the way we think about the poor, who are excluded from the traditional banking system. By allowing them to access different financial services.Two main schools of thought in Microfinance, the Welfarists and the Institutionalists, although having the same main objective: "that of reducing poverty", oppose each other on what should be the priorities and roles of Microfinance Institutions, raising questions or interrogations to which we have answered on the one hand, and on the other hand, we have evoked the integration of Gender in a Microfinance Institution which constitutes a factor of increased productivity.