Mingsian R. Bai, Jeong-Guon Ih, Jacob Benesty

Microphone Acousitc Array Sys

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Presents a unified framework of far-field and near-field array techniques for noise source identification and sound field visualization, from theory to application.

Acoustic Array Systems: Theory, Implementation, and Application provides an overview of microphone array technology with applications in noise source identification and sound field visualization. In the comprehensive treatment of microphone arrays, the topics covered include an introduction to the theory, far-field and near-field array signal processing algorithms, practical implementations, and common applications: vehicles, computing and communications equipment, compressors, fans, and household appliances, and hands-free speech. The author concludes with other emerging techniques and innovative algorithms.

Encompasses theoretical background, implementation considerations and application know-how
Shows how to tackle broader problems in signal processing, control, and transudcers
Covers both farfield and nearfield techniques in a balanced way
Introduces innovative algorithms including equivalent source imaging (NESI) and high-resolution nearfield arrays
Selected code examples available for download for readers to practice on their own
Presentation slides available for instructor use
A valuable resource for Postgraduates and researchers in acoustics, noise control engineering, audio engineering, and signal processing.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley & Sons
• 1. Auflage
• Seitenzahl: 536
• Erscheinungstermin: 30. April 2013
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 235mm x 157mm x 33mm
• Gewicht: 923g
• ISBN-13: 9780470827239
• ISBN-10: 0470827238
• Artikelnr.: 37602121

Autorenporträt

Mingsian R. Bai, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan Jeong-Guon Ih, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), South Korea Jacob Benesty, University of Quebec, Canada

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii Glossary: Symbols and Abbreviations xv 1
Introduction 1 1.1 Background and Motivation 1 1.2 Review of Prior
Approaches for Noise Identification Problems 3 1.3 Organization of the Book
4 References 5 2 Theoretical Preliminaries of Acoustics 9 2.1 Fundamentals
of Acoustics 9 2.2 Sound Field Representation Using Basis Function
Expansion 16 2.3 Sound Field Representation Using Helmholtz Integral
Equation 19 2.4 Inverse Problems and Ill-Posedness 31 References 32 3
Theoretical Preliminaries of Array Signal Processing 33 3.1 Linear Algebra
Basics 33 3.2 Digital Signal Processing Basics 42 3.3 Array Signal
Processing Basics 64 3.4 Optimization Algorithms 77 3.5 Inverse Filtering
from a Model Matching Perspective 85 3.6 Parameter Estimation Theory 88
3.6.1 Classical Approaches 89 3.6.2 Bayesian Approaches 90 References 93 4
Farfield Array Signal Processing Algorithms 95 4.1 Low-Resolution
Algorithms 96 4.1.1 Fourier Beamformer 96 4.1.2 Time Reversal Beamformer 99
4.1.3 SIMO-ESIF Algorithm 100 4.1.4 Choice of Farfield Array Parameters 102
4.2 High-Resolution Algorithms 102 4.2.1 Minimum Variance Beamformers 103
4.2.2 Optimal Arrays 108 4.2.3 DMA Versus GSC 130 4.2.4 Auto-Regressive
Array Design 136 4.2.5 Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) 140 4.2.6
Choice of Parameters in MUSIC 144 4.3 Comparison of the Farfield Algorithms
145 References 150 5 Nearfield Array Signal Processing Algorithms 151 5.1
Fourier NAH 151 5.2 Basis Function Model (BFM)-based NAH 155 5.2.1
Spherical Waves 158 5.2.2 HELS Method: A Single-Point Multipole Method 160
5.3 BEM-based NAH (IBEM): Direct and Indirect Formulations 163 5.3.1 Direct
IBEM Formulation 163 5.3.2 Indirect IBEM Formulation 168 5.3.3 Detailed
Exposition of the Direct BEM-based NAH 169 5.4 Equivalent Source Model
(ESM)-based NAH 177 5.4.1 Indirect ESM 178 5.4.2 ESM Combined with
BEM-based NAH 181 5.4.3 Direct ESM 191 5.4.4 Nearfield Equivalent Source
Imaging (NESI) 195 5.4.5 Kalman Filter-based Algorithm 196 5.4.6 Choice of
Nearfield Array Parameters 204 5.5 Comparison of the Nearfield Algorithms
205 References 208 6 Practical Implementation 211 6.1 Inverse Filter Design
211 6.1.1 Model Matching: Ill-Posedness and Regularization 211 6.1.2 Window
Design 213 6.1.3 Parameter Choice Methods (PCM) 214 6.2 Multi-Channel Fast
Filtering 216 6.2.1 The Time-Domain Processing 218 6.2.2 The
Frequency-Domain Processing 218 6.2.3 Comparison of Filtering Approaches
220 6.3 Post-Processing 221 6.3.1 Acoustic Variables 221 6.3.2 Processing
of Moving Sources 223 6.4 Choice of Distance of Reconstruction and Lattice
Spacing 226 6.5 Virtual Microphone Technique: Field Interpolation and
Extrapolation 227 6.5.1 Sound Field Interpolation by ESM 227 6.5.2 More
Resolution-Enhancing Reconstruction Strategies 229 6.6 Choice of Retreat
Distance 234 6.6.1 Integral Approximation Error vs. Reconstruction
Ill-Posedness 234 6.6.2 Determination of RD: Golden Section Search 235 6.7
Optimization of Sensor Deployment: Uniform vs. Random Array 244 6.7.1
Optimal Nearfield Array: Cost Functions 244 6.7.2 Optimizing Nearfield
Sensor Deployment 246 6.7.3 Optimizing Farfield Sensor Deployment 250 6.7.4
Array Sensor Deployment in the Measurement Field Revisited 263 6.8 System
Integration and Experimental Arrangement 281 References 284 7 Time-Domain
MVDR Array Filter for Speech Enhancement 287 7.1 Signal Model and Problem
Formulation 287 7.1.1 Signal Model for Noise Reduction 288 7.1.2 Signal
Model for Joint Reverberation and Noise Reduction 289 7.1.3 Decomposition
of the Noise Signal 290 7.2 Linear Array Model 291 7.3 Performance Measures
292 7.3.1 Input SNR 292 7.3.2 Output SNR and Array Gain 293 7.3.3 Noise
Reduction Factor 295 7.3.4 Speech Reduction Factor 295 7.3.5 Speech
Distortion Index 296 7.3.6 MSE Criterion 296 7.3.7 Discussion 297 7.4 MVDR
Filter 298 7.5 Link With Other Filters 301 7.5.1 Link with Wiener 301 7.5.2
Link with the LCMV 303 7.6 Further Results 305 7.6.1 Noncausal Filters 305
7.6.2 Noise Reduction with Filtering Matrices 307 References 313 8
Frequency-Domain Array Beamformers for Noise Reduction 315 8.1 Signal Model
and Problem Formulation 315 8.2 Linear Array Model 318 8.3 Performance
Measures 319 8.3.1 Input SNR 319 8.3.2 Output SNR and Array Gain 320 8.3.3
Noise Rejection and Desired Signal Cancellation 322 8.3.4 Speech Distortion
Index 323 8.3.5 Beampattern 324 8.3.6 Directivity 325 8.3.7 White Noise
Gain 326 8.3.8 MSE Criterion 326 8.4 Optimal Beamformers 327 8.4.1 Maximum
SNR 327 8.4.2 Wiener 328 8.4.3 MVDR 332 8.4.4 Tradeoff 334 8.4.5 LCMV 340
8.5 Particular Case: Single Microphone 342 References 343 9 Application
Examples 345 9.1 Scooter: Transient Sources 345 9.2 Compressor 351 9.2.1
Test Setup and Measurements 355 9.2.2 Optimal Selection of Measurement
Points Using EfI Method 357 9.2.3 Reconstructed Source Parameters 357 9.2.4
Summary and Conclusions 362 9.3 Vacuum Cleaner 364 9.3.1 Experimental Setup
and Measurements 364 9.3.2 Regeneration of Field Data 364 9.3.3
Reconstruction of Source Field 369 9.3.4 Summary and Conclusions 370 9.4
Automotive Internal Combustion Engine 370 9.4.1 Experimental Setup and
Boundary Element Modeling 371 9.4.2 Regeneration of Field Data 374 9.4.3
Reconstruction of Source Field 379 9.4.4 Post Processing: Power
Contribution Analysis of Engine Parts 380 9.4.5 Summary and Conclusions 384
9.5 Transient Wave Propagation Over an Impacted Thin Plate 385 9.5.1
Vibrational Response of an Impacted Thin Plate 386 9.5.2 Experimental Setup
and Signal Conditioning 387 9.5.3 Effect of Numerical Treatments 390 9.5.4
Calculation of Structural Intensity Field 393 9.6 IT Equipment 396 9.7
Wooden Box 398 9.8 Non-contact Modal Analysis 399 9.9 Speech Enhancement in
Reverberant Environments 399 9.9.1 Equivalent Source Inverse Filtering 405
9.9.2 Adaptive GSC-Enhanced SIMO-ESIF Algorithm 406 9.9.3 Array Performance
Measures 411 9.9.4 Objective and Subjective Performance Evaluations 411
9.10 Impact Localization and Haptic Feedback for a Touch Panel 417 9.10.1
Bending Waves in a Finite Thin Plate 418 9.10.2 Impact Source Localization
and Haptic Feedback 419 9.10.3 Experimental Investigations 420 9.11
Intelligent Stethoscope: Blind Beamforming 430 9.12 Rendering and Control
of Sound Field by Array Speakers 433 9.12.1 Various Methods for Sound
Reproduction and Field Rendering 433 9.12.2 Basic Theory of Sound Field
Rendering by Inverse Design Concept 441 9.12.3 Test Examples of Sound Field
Rendering by Array Speakers 445 9.12.4 Concluding Remarks 462 9.13 Sound
Field Reconstruction Using ESM and BFM 463 9.13.1 Introduction 463 9.13.2
ESM-Based Approach 463 9.13.3 Virtual Microphone Interpolation Technique
464 9.13.4 BFM Interpolation Technique 465 9.13.5 Headwind Detection 466
9.13.6 Optimization of Retraction Distance 466 9.13.7 Numerical Simulations
467 9.13.8 Experimental Investigations 470 9.13.9 Conclusion 472 References
473 10 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives 479 10.1 Concluding
Remarks 479 10.2 Future Perspectives 480 10.2.1 Practical Issues 480 10.2.2
Inverse FRF Method 492 10.2.3 New Systems 494 10.2.4 More Application
Scenarios 497 10.2.5 Epilog 497 References 498 Appendix: Acoustic Boundary
Element Method 501 A.1 Introduction 501 A.2 Kirchhoff-Helmholtz Integral
Equation 502 A.3 Discretization 505 A.4 Solution Strategy of Acoustic
Boundary Element Method 507 A.5 Nonuniqueness Problem 509 References 510
Index 513