Pyridine derivatives are a class of organic compounds that are structurally based on the pyridine ring, a six-membered aromatic ring containing one nitrogen atom. These derivatives play a crucial role in various fields including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science. Their diverse chemical and physical properties make them valuable building blocks for the synthesis of numerous bioactive compounds and functional materials. Pyridine derivatives often exhibit significant biological activities, acting as ligands for receptors, enzymes, and other biomolecules, which has led to their widespread use in drug development and chemical research