Dentistry has evolved into a minimally invasive approach. Natural human enamel and dentin are the best dental materials in existence and thus minimally invasive procedures that conserve a great part of the original, healthy tooth structure have gained appreciation and interest. The application of minimally invasive dentistry in pedodontics can be justified on the grounds that no restorative material can adequately replace natural tooth structure for the long-term and hence its preservation is of paramount importance. The key to success of practicing minimal invasive techniques lies in the clear understanding of balance between pathological and protective factors.