This monograph details the results of many years research of the author on methodology and methodological bases of development and approbation of complex econometric modeling of the development of the rural labor market in conditions of market economy relations development. It reflects development of strategic concept of this market development on the basis of economic mathematical devices and mechanisms proposed by the author. One of the effective mechanisms for ensuring the reasonable employment of the population and reducing unemployment is the purposeful formation and development, as well as regulation, of the labor market. This involves identifying the organic relationships and contradictions between labor demand and supply, determining the efficiency criteria of their cooperation, outlining the main directions for improving the professional skills of rural workers, and regulating labor demand and supply in macroeconomic terms under conditions where living labor resources are "excessive" and jobs are "scarce". Ultimately, this allows for the effective development of economic, social, and organizational measures in a purposeful manner.