Evolution by natural selection explains the tree of life and the complex adaptations found throughout nature. The power and versatility of evolutionary explanations have proved tempting to scientists outside of biology, but adapting evolutionary concepts to new domains has been challenging. Even within biology, there are many difficult questions and problem cases that face evolutionary theory. Modelling Evolution offers a new, general account of evolution by natural selection that identifies the essential features of evolutionary models that transcend any particular discipline. Evolution by…mehr
Evolution by natural selection explains the tree of life and the complex adaptations found throughout nature. The power and versatility of evolutionary explanations have proved tempting to scientists outside of biology, but adapting evolutionary concepts to new domains has been challenging. Even within biology, there are many difficult questions and problem cases that face evolutionary theory. Modelling Evolution offers a new, general account of evolution by natural selection that identifies the essential features of evolutionary models that transcend any particular discipline. Evolution by natural selection in its broad sense is the systemic advantage of a type, in contrast to the narrow definition using heritable variation in fitness. This account is explained, contextualised and applied to a variety of questions in both biology and the social sciences. Offering an accessible and comprehensive account of evolution that is applicable both to biology and the broader social sciences, Modelling Evolution will appeal to students and researchers interested in fields such as biology, economics, sociology, history, and psychology.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Eugene Earnshaw teaches History of Western Civilization, Sociology and Critical Thinking in the Liberal Arts program, Seneca College, Toronto, Canada
Inhaltsangabe
Introduction Chapter 1: Basic Evolutionary Concepts Adaptation, fitness And dandelions Chance and basketball Types and individuals Selection The original recipe Systemic advantage of a type Populations Collections of individuals Traits and types Evolutionary Processes In General The Bias Processes in Population Genetics Selection as process Selection v. Drift Chance and Lightning Discriminate v. Indiscriminate Fixation in the population via drifty discriminate sampling Expected and unexpected Expecting the unexpected Process vs. Outcome The Evolutionary System Bibliography Chapter 2: The History of the Evolutionary Idea Pausing for Context Darwin Variation and heredity Selection What evolves Darwin's Evolutionary Processes Fisher Evolution: Selection vs. Mutation Fisher and fitness Heredity, mutation, and genes Adaptation and Heredity Lewontin The definition of evolution by natural selection Segregation distortion and multilevel selection Individual fitness and group fitness Sober Evolutionary forces Fitness: Early Sober and Fisher compared The Neodynamical account Bibliography Chapter 3: Evolutionary Forces From Process to Force The causal hierarchy Functions of Time and Continuity Causal variables vs. processes Force Models The three basic types of evolutionary force Formalisms Selection Broad Selection Heredity and Evolution by Natural Selection Selection for traits and context dependence Types of Drift Bibliography Chapter 4: Multilevel Selection Individuality The evolutionary transitions from individual to part Fungi and biological individuals Interactions Kin Selection Multilevel selection a la Lewontin MLS 1, MLS 2, and contextual analysis Contextual analysis and mus muscula Three kinds of multilevel evolutionary models More distinctions? Yes indeed Multilevel Fitness models Multilevel Force models Multilevel Trait models Bibliography Chapter 5: Cultural Evolution Challenges The specter of biologism The problem with replicators Cultural Traits Reproduction in Cultural Evolution Processes Boyd and Richerson Looking at a model: farming practices Lamarck and Technological Evolution Novelty and guided variation (in evolutionary economics) Application This could be important For example in sociology Bibliography Chapter 6: Multilevel Social Evolution Concepts Human groups and cultural individuals Altruism in human societies An extended illustration Turchin on the historical evolution of egalitarianism Critique An alternative, multilevel approach A model of multilevel cultural macroevolution Developing the schema Evaluating and adjusting Specifying and Analysing Bibliography
Introduction Chapter 1: Basic Evolutionary Concepts Adaptation, fitness And dandelions Chance and basketball Types and individuals Selection The original recipe Systemic advantage of a type Populations Collections of individuals Traits and types Evolutionary Processes In General The Bias Processes in Population Genetics Selection as process Selection v. Drift Chance and Lightning Discriminate v. Indiscriminate Fixation in the population via drifty discriminate sampling Expected and unexpected Expecting the unexpected Process vs. Outcome The Evolutionary System Bibliography Chapter 2: The History of the Evolutionary Idea Pausing for Context Darwin Variation and heredity Selection What evolves Darwin's Evolutionary Processes Fisher Evolution: Selection vs. Mutation Fisher and fitness Heredity, mutation, and genes Adaptation and Heredity Lewontin The definition of evolution by natural selection Segregation distortion and multilevel selection Individual fitness and group fitness Sober Evolutionary forces Fitness: Early Sober and Fisher compared The Neodynamical account Bibliography Chapter 3: Evolutionary Forces From Process to Force The causal hierarchy Functions of Time and Continuity Causal variables vs. processes Force Models The three basic types of evolutionary force Formalisms Selection Broad Selection Heredity and Evolution by Natural Selection Selection for traits and context dependence Types of Drift Bibliography Chapter 4: Multilevel Selection Individuality The evolutionary transitions from individual to part Fungi and biological individuals Interactions Kin Selection Multilevel selection a la Lewontin MLS 1, MLS 2, and contextual analysis Contextual analysis and mus muscula Three kinds of multilevel evolutionary models More distinctions? Yes indeed Multilevel Fitness models Multilevel Force models Multilevel Trait models Bibliography Chapter 5: Cultural Evolution Challenges The specter of biologism The problem with replicators Cultural Traits Reproduction in Cultural Evolution Processes Boyd and Richerson Looking at a model: farming practices Lamarck and Technological Evolution Novelty and guided variation (in evolutionary economics) Application This could be important For example in sociology Bibliography Chapter 6: Multilevel Social Evolution Concepts Human groups and cultural individuals Altruism in human societies An extended illustration Turchin on the historical evolution of egalitarianism Critique An alternative, multilevel approach A model of multilevel cultural macroevolution Developing the schema Evaluating and adjusting Specifying and Analysing Bibliography
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