This book is a crucial reference source for high school and undergraduate college students interested in contemporary Brazil. While it provides a general historical and cultural background, it also focuses on issues affecting modern Brazil. In recent years, Brazil has come onto the world stage as an economic powerhouse, a leader in Latin America. This latest addition to the Understanding Modern Nations series focuses on Brazil's culture, history, and society. This volume provides readers with a wide understanding of Brazil's historical past, the foundation for its cultural traditions, and an…mehr
This book is a crucial reference source for high school and undergraduate college students interested in contemporary Brazil. While it provides a general historical and cultural background, it also focuses on issues affecting modern Brazil. In recent years, Brazil has come onto the world stage as an economic powerhouse, a leader in Latin America. This latest addition to the Understanding Modern Nations series focuses on Brazil's culture, history, and society. This volume provides readers with a wide understanding of Brazil's historical past, the foundation for its cultural traditions, and an understanding of its social structure. In addition, it provides a look into contemporary society by highlighting both national accomplishments and challenges Brazilians face in the twenty-first century. Specific chapters cover geography; history; government and politics; economy; religion; social classes and ethnicity; gender, marriage and sexuality; education; language; etiquette; literature and drama; arts and architecture; music and dance; food; leisure and sports; and media, cinema, and popular culture. Entries within each chapter look at topics such as cultural icons, economic inequalities, race and ethnicity, soccer, politics, environmental conservation, and women's rights. Ideal for high school and undergraduate students, this volume paints a panoramic overview of one of the most powerful countries in the Americas.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Javier A. Galván, PhD, is professor of history and Spanish at Santa Ana College.
Inhaltsangabe
Series Foreword Preface Introduction Chapter 1: Geography Overview Amazon Basin and Rain Forest Brasília and the Federal District Climate Deforestation Earth Summit, Rio 2012 Environment Infrastructure: Roads, Airports, Ports, and Railways Interoceanic Highway Islands and Archipelagos Itaipú Hydroelectric Power Plant Main Cities and Urban Regions Major Rivers Mendes, Chico (1944-1988) Offshore Oil and Natural Gas The Sertão and Devastating Droughts World Heritage Sites in the UNESCO Chapter 2: History Overview Timeline Álvares Cabral, Pedro (1467 or 1468-1520) Bandeirantes Brazilian Empire: Pedro I (1798-1834) and Pedro II (1825-1891) Captaincy Colonial System Gold Rush and Minas Gerais Isabel, Princess Regent of Brazil (1846-1921) Kubitschek de Oliveira, Juscelino (1902-1976) Operation Condor and Military Rule Paraguayan War (1864-1870) Silva, Benedita da (1942-) Slavery, Abolition, and African Heritage Tiradentes (1746-1792) and the Inconfidência Mineira Vargas, Getúlio (1882-1954) Chapter 3: Government and Politics Overview Constitutions Corruption and Political Scandals Electoral System Foreign Policy Human Rights Law Enforcement Lula da Silva, Luiz Inácio (1945-) Political Parties Political Patronage Rousseff, Dilma (1947-) Temer, Michel (1940-) United Nations and Brazil Women's Rights Workers' Party (PT) in Power Chapter 4: Economy Overview Agrarian Reform Austerity Measures of 2016 Automobile Industry BRICS Economic Group Cardoso, Fernando Henrique (1931-) Coffee Exports Embraer, Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica Energy Industry: Electricity, Oil, Ethanol, and Renewable Sources Favelas (Slums) Foreign Investment Labor Migration Major Exports Manufacturing Mercosul/Mercosur Mineral Wealth Petrobras, the National Oil Company Stock Exchanges: Bovespa, BM&F, and B3 Tourism Trading Partners World Trade Organization (WTO) Chapter 5: Religion and Thought Overview Candomblé and Macumba Catholicism De Souza Chaui, Marilena (1941-) Freire, Paulo (1921-1997) Freyre, Gilberto (1900-1987) Liberation Theology Messianism and Miracle Workers Nossa Senhora Aparecida, Brazil's Patron Saint Orixás, African Gods Protestant Religions Spiritism Universal Church of the Kingdom of God Chapter 6: Social Classes and Ethnicity Overview African Ancestry and Influence Distribution of Wealth and Income Disparity Education and Upward Mobility Favelas, Mocambos, and Alagados (Slums) Indigenous Populations Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST) Mixed Ethnicities: Caboclo, Cafuso, Mameluco, and Mulatto Modern Immigration Parentela Poverty, Social Conflict, and Protests Racism and Discrimination Urban Crime Chapter 7: Gender, Marriage, and Sexuality Overview Abortion Laws Dating and Courting Desquite and Divorce Domestic Violence Feminism Gender and Parenting Roles Gender Equality LGBTQ Community and Rights Maternity and Paternity Leave Raising Children Representation in Government Representation in the Workforce Suffrage Wedding Traditions and Celebrations Chapter 8: Education Overview Affirmative Action Policies Ávila, Artur (1979-) Bolsa Família: Welfare Program with Education Incentives Education Reforms of 2016 Higher Education and Major Universities INEP, National Institute for Educational Studies and Research Literacy Rates Private, International, and Religious Schools Public Education: Elementary and Secondary Schooling Scientific and Technical Research Unipalmares, University for Afro-Descendent Students Vestibular Testing for College Admission Chapter 9: Language Overview Formality Levels Hand Gestures Indigenous Languages Nicknames Sign Language (LIBRAS) Spelling Reform Tupi-Guarani Influence Chapter 10: Etiquette Overview Bargaining Clothing and Dressing Appropriately Formal Business Meetings Intermediaries: Colonels and Despachantes Jeitinho, Finding a Way Machismo Personal Space and Privacy Punctuality and Concepts of Time Table Manners Chapter 11: Literature and Drama Overview Amado, Jorge (1912-2001) Bandeira, Manuel (1886-1968) Contemporary Writers Da Cunha, Euclides (1866-1909) De Andrade, Oswald (1890-1954) Guimarães Rosa, João (1908-1967) Lima Barreto, Alfonso (1881-1922) Literary Canon Literary Censorship by the Military Machado de Assis, Joaquim Maria (1839-1908) Modern Theater and Playwrights Modernism in Brazil Postindependence Literature Chapter 12: Art and Architecture Overview Aleijadinho (1730 or 1738-1814) Baroque Art and Architecture in Minas Gerais Cinto, Sandra (1968-) Costa, Lúcio (1902-1998): Brasília's Urban Planner French Artistic Mission Mendes da Rocha, Paulo (1928-) Modern Art Week, São Paulo, 1922 Niemeyer, Oscar (1907-2012) Ouro Preto Popular Arts and Crafts Portinari, Cândido (1903-1962) Chapter 13: Music and Dance Overview Bossa Nova Carnival "Girl from Ipanema" Song Jobim, Antônio Carlos (1927-1994) Música Popular Brasileira (MPB) Música Sertaneja Musical Instruments Regional Music and Dance Samba Music and Dance Tropicália Villa-Lobos, Heitor (1887-1959) Chapter 14: Food Overview Cafezinho, a Small Shot of Strong Coffee Caipirinha, a National Cocktail Carne de Sol, Dried Salted Meat Churrasco, Brazilian Barbecue Contemporary Brazilian Chefs Feijoada, Brazil's National Dish Mealtimes and Eating Habits Minas Gerais Gastronomy Regional Sweets Zero Hunger Strategy in Brazil Chapter 15: Leisure and Sports Overview Basketball Beach and Sand Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Capoeira Family Outings and Vacations Futebol (Soccer) Mega Sena, Brazilian Lottery Motor Sports: Formula 1 and Grand Prix Olympic Games, Rio de Janeiro 2016 Paralympic Games 2016 Pelé (1940-), Ronaldinho (1980-), and Neymar (1992-) Soccer FIFA World Cup 2014 Telenovelas Chapter 16: Media and Popular Culture Overview Cinema and Film Festivals Cultural Icons Folia de Reis, Three Wise Men Celebration Major Newspapers Meirelles, Fernando (1955-) Reality Television Shows Rede Globo and Other Television Networks Salles, Walter, Jr. (1956-) Social Media and Internet Use Sports Icons Xuxa (1963-) Appendix A: A Day in the Life A Day in the Life of a University Student A Day in the Life of an Office Worker A Day in the Life of a Housewife A Day in the Life of an Agricultural Working Family Appendix B: Glossary of Key Terms Appendix C: Facts and Figures Appendix D: Holidays Selected Bibliography Index
Series Foreword Preface Introduction Chapter 1: Geography Overview Amazon Basin and Rain Forest Brasília and the Federal District Climate Deforestation Earth Summit, Rio 2012 Environment Infrastructure: Roads, Airports, Ports, and Railways Interoceanic Highway Islands and Archipelagos Itaipú Hydroelectric Power Plant Main Cities and Urban Regions Major Rivers Mendes, Chico (1944-1988) Offshore Oil and Natural Gas The Sertão and Devastating Droughts World Heritage Sites in the UNESCO Chapter 2: History Overview Timeline Álvares Cabral, Pedro (1467 or 1468-1520) Bandeirantes Brazilian Empire: Pedro I (1798-1834) and Pedro II (1825-1891) Captaincy Colonial System Gold Rush and Minas Gerais Isabel, Princess Regent of Brazil (1846-1921) Kubitschek de Oliveira, Juscelino (1902-1976) Operation Condor and Military Rule Paraguayan War (1864-1870) Silva, Benedita da (1942-) Slavery, Abolition, and African Heritage Tiradentes (1746-1792) and the Inconfidência Mineira Vargas, Getúlio (1882-1954) Chapter 3: Government and Politics Overview Constitutions Corruption and Political Scandals Electoral System Foreign Policy Human Rights Law Enforcement Lula da Silva, Luiz Inácio (1945-) Political Parties Political Patronage Rousseff, Dilma (1947-) Temer, Michel (1940-) United Nations and Brazil Women's Rights Workers' Party (PT) in Power Chapter 4: Economy Overview Agrarian Reform Austerity Measures of 2016 Automobile Industry BRICS Economic Group Cardoso, Fernando Henrique (1931-) Coffee Exports Embraer, Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica Energy Industry: Electricity, Oil, Ethanol, and Renewable Sources Favelas (Slums) Foreign Investment Labor Migration Major Exports Manufacturing Mercosul/Mercosur Mineral Wealth Petrobras, the National Oil Company Stock Exchanges: Bovespa, BM&F, and B3 Tourism Trading Partners World Trade Organization (WTO) Chapter 5: Religion and Thought Overview Candomblé and Macumba Catholicism De Souza Chaui, Marilena (1941-) Freire, Paulo (1921-1997) Freyre, Gilberto (1900-1987) Liberation Theology Messianism and Miracle Workers Nossa Senhora Aparecida, Brazil's Patron Saint Orixás, African Gods Protestant Religions Spiritism Universal Church of the Kingdom of God Chapter 6: Social Classes and Ethnicity Overview African Ancestry and Influence Distribution of Wealth and Income Disparity Education and Upward Mobility Favelas, Mocambos, and Alagados (Slums) Indigenous Populations Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST) Mixed Ethnicities: Caboclo, Cafuso, Mameluco, and Mulatto Modern Immigration Parentela Poverty, Social Conflict, and Protests Racism and Discrimination Urban Crime Chapter 7: Gender, Marriage, and Sexuality Overview Abortion Laws Dating and Courting Desquite and Divorce Domestic Violence Feminism Gender and Parenting Roles Gender Equality LGBTQ Community and Rights Maternity and Paternity Leave Raising Children Representation in Government Representation in the Workforce Suffrage Wedding Traditions and Celebrations Chapter 8: Education Overview Affirmative Action Policies Ávila, Artur (1979-) Bolsa Família: Welfare Program with Education Incentives Education Reforms of 2016 Higher Education and Major Universities INEP, National Institute for Educational Studies and Research Literacy Rates Private, International, and Religious Schools Public Education: Elementary and Secondary Schooling Scientific and Technical Research Unipalmares, University for Afro-Descendent Students Vestibular Testing for College Admission Chapter 9: Language Overview Formality Levels Hand Gestures Indigenous Languages Nicknames Sign Language (LIBRAS) Spelling Reform Tupi-Guarani Influence Chapter 10: Etiquette Overview Bargaining Clothing and Dressing Appropriately Formal Business Meetings Intermediaries: Colonels and Despachantes Jeitinho, Finding a Way Machismo Personal Space and Privacy Punctuality and Concepts of Time Table Manners Chapter 11: Literature and Drama Overview Amado, Jorge (1912-2001) Bandeira, Manuel (1886-1968) Contemporary Writers Da Cunha, Euclides (1866-1909) De Andrade, Oswald (1890-1954) Guimarães Rosa, João (1908-1967) Lima Barreto, Alfonso (1881-1922) Literary Canon Literary Censorship by the Military Machado de Assis, Joaquim Maria (1839-1908) Modern Theater and Playwrights Modernism in Brazil Postindependence Literature Chapter 12: Art and Architecture Overview Aleijadinho (1730 or 1738-1814) Baroque Art and Architecture in Minas Gerais Cinto, Sandra (1968-) Costa, Lúcio (1902-1998): Brasília's Urban Planner French Artistic Mission Mendes da Rocha, Paulo (1928-) Modern Art Week, São Paulo, 1922 Niemeyer, Oscar (1907-2012) Ouro Preto Popular Arts and Crafts Portinari, Cândido (1903-1962) Chapter 13: Music and Dance Overview Bossa Nova Carnival "Girl from Ipanema" Song Jobim, Antônio Carlos (1927-1994) Música Popular Brasileira (MPB) Música Sertaneja Musical Instruments Regional Music and Dance Samba Music and Dance Tropicália Villa-Lobos, Heitor (1887-1959) Chapter 14: Food Overview Cafezinho, a Small Shot of Strong Coffee Caipirinha, a National Cocktail Carne de Sol, Dried Salted Meat Churrasco, Brazilian Barbecue Contemporary Brazilian Chefs Feijoada, Brazil's National Dish Mealtimes and Eating Habits Minas Gerais Gastronomy Regional Sweets Zero Hunger Strategy in Brazil Chapter 15: Leisure and Sports Overview Basketball Beach and Sand Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Capoeira Family Outings and Vacations Futebol (Soccer) Mega Sena, Brazilian Lottery Motor Sports: Formula 1 and Grand Prix Olympic Games, Rio de Janeiro 2016 Paralympic Games 2016 Pelé (1940-), Ronaldinho (1980-), and Neymar (1992-) Soccer FIFA World Cup 2014 Telenovelas Chapter 16: Media and Popular Culture Overview Cinema and Film Festivals Cultural Icons Folia de Reis, Three Wise Men Celebration Major Newspapers Meirelles, Fernando (1955-) Reality Television Shows Rede Globo and Other Television Networks Salles, Walter, Jr. (1956-) Social Media and Internet Use Sports Icons Xuxa (1963-) Appendix A: A Day in the Life A Day in the Life of a University Student A Day in the Life of an Office Worker A Day in the Life of a Housewife A Day in the Life of an Agricultural Working Family Appendix B: Glossary of Key Terms Appendix C: Facts and Figures Appendix D: Holidays Selected Bibliography Index
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