- Gebundenes Buch
- Merkliste
- Auf die Merkliste
- Bewerten Bewerten
- Teilen
- Produkt teilen
- Produkterinnerung
- Produkterinnerung
Focuses on the common recurring physical principles behind sophisticated modern devices This book discusses the principles of physics through applications of state-of-the-art technologies and advanced instruments. The authors use diagrams, sketches, and graphs coupled with equations and mathematical analysis to enhance the reader's understanding of modern devices. Readers will learn to identify common underlying physical principles that govern several types of devices, while gaining an understanding of the performance trade-off imposed by the physical limitations of various processing methods.…mehr
Andere Kunden interessierten sich auch für
- William Thomas HuntStatic Electromagnetic Devices40,99 €
- John OrtonMolecular Beam Epitaxy: A Short History100,99 €
- Charles Proteus SteinmetzTheory and Calculation of Electric Circuits17,99 €
- GoutzoulisDesign and Fabrication of Acousto-Optic Devices549,99 €
- Pochi YehOptics Liquid Crystal Displays207,99 €
- Leung TsangScattering of Electromagnetic Waves, 3 Volume Set563,99 €
- Ramaswamy JagannathanQuantum Mechanics of Charged Particle Beam Optics241,99 €
-
-
-
Focuses on the common recurring physical principles behind sophisticated modern devices This book discusses the principles of physics through applications of state-of-the-art technologies and advanced instruments. The authors use diagrams, sketches, and graphs coupled with equations and mathematical analysis to enhance the reader's understanding of modern devices. Readers will learn to identify common underlying physical principles that govern several types of devices, while gaining an understanding of the performance trade-off imposed by the physical limitations of various processing methods. The topics discussed in the book assume readers have taken an introductory physics course, college algebra, and have a basic understanding of calculus. * Describes the basic physics behind a large number of devices encountered in everyday life, from the air conditioner to Blu-ray discs * Covers state-of-the-art devices such as spectrographs, photoelectric image sensors, spacecraft systems, astronomical and planetary observatories, biomedical imaging instruments, particle accelerators, and jet engines * Includes access to a book companion site that houses Power Point slides Modern Devices: The Simple Physics of Sophisticated Technology is designed as a reference for professionals that would like to gain a basic understanding of the operation of complex technologies. The book is also suitable as a textbook for upper-level undergraduate non-major students interested in physics.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons / Wiley
- Seitenzahl: 528
- Erscheinungstermin: 7. Juni 2016
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 240mm x 161mm x 33mm
- Gewicht: 950g
- ISBN-13: 9780470900437
- ISBN-10: 0470900431
- Artikelnr.: 44149943
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons / Wiley
- Seitenzahl: 528
- Erscheinungstermin: 7. Juni 2016
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 240mm x 161mm x 33mm
- Gewicht: 950g
- ISBN-13: 9780470900437
- ISBN-10: 0470900431
- Artikelnr.: 44149943
Charles L. Joseph, PhD, is a retired research professor from the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the Rutgers University, who specialized in technology development for NASA flight missions. Prof. Joseph has more than 30 years' experience working closely with aerospace and electro-optical companies as well as government laboratories, taking technologies from experimental breadboard devices to ruggedized instruments suitable for NASA missions. He was a co-investigator and the detector scientist on STIS, a second-generation instrument for the Hubble Space Telescope. Santiago Bernal, PhD, is an associated research scientist at the Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics (IREAP) at the University of Maryland. Dr. Bernal received his B.S. in physics from the National University of Colombia in 1981. He joined the IREAP in 2000 and has since been the leading experimentalist on the University of Maryland Electron Ring.
Preface xi About the Companion Website xv 1 Principles of Physics and the
Relevance to Modern Technologies 1 1.1 CM, EM, and QM: The Backbone of
Physics 3 1.2 Photonics and Electronics 5 2 Everyday Home Appliances 9 2.1
The Air Conditioner 10 2.2 Microwave Ovens 18 2.3 Smoke Detectors 25 2.4
Compact Discs, Digital Versatile Discs, and Blu-Ray Discs 27 2.5
Photocopiers and Fax Machines 37 3 Devices Encountered in Modern Life 43
3.1 Metal Detectors for Airports and Traffic Lights 43 3.2 Barcode
Scanners, Quick Response Codes, and Radio-Frequency Identification Readers
47 3.3 Global Positioning 53 3.4 Transportation Technologies 57 3.4.1
Internal Combustion Engines versus Electric Motors 57 3.4.2 Alternative
Fuels 58 3.4.3 Speed Radar Guns 60 3.4.4 High-Speed Rail 67 4 Vacuum
Systems: Enabling High-Tech Industries 69 4.1 Vacuum Chamber Technology 70
4.2 Physics of Some Vacuum Gauges 76 4.3 Low Vacuum via Venturi,
Mechanical, or Sorption Pumps 78 4.4 HV via Diffusion, Turbomolecular, or
Cryogenic Pumps 80 4.5 UHV via Ion Pumps 84 5 Cleanrooms, an Enabling
Technology 87 6 Solid-State Electronics 91 6.1 Conducting, Semiconducting,
and Insulating Materials 95 6.2 Resistors, Capacitors, and Inductors 101
6.3 Diodes and Transistors 110 6.4 FET, JFET, MOSFET, CMOS, and TTL 119 6.5
Summary 124 7 High-Tech Semiconductor Fabrication 127 7.1 Thin Films 127
7.2 Thin-Film Deposition Methods 132 7.3 High-Purity Crystals via MBE 138
7.4 Photolithography and Etch Techniques 141 7.5 In Situ and
Intermediate-Stage Tests 145 7.6 Device Structures and IC Packaging 152 8
Materials Science--Invaluable High-Tech Contributions 155 8.1 The Use of
Composite Materials 156 8.2 Thin-Film Multilayers 157 8.3 Nanotechnology
158 9 Light Sources 161 9.1 Incandescent Lamps 166 9.2 Gas Discharge Lamps
168 9.3 Fluorescent Lamps 171 9.4 Light Emitting Diodes 174 9.5 X-Ray
Sources 175 9.6 Lasers 177 9.7 Synchrotron Light Sources 180 9.8 Summary of
Light Sources 180 10 Some Basic Physics of Optical Systems 183 10.1
Refractive and Reflective Optics and Their Uses 184 10.2 Polarization and
Birefringence 188 10.2.1 Law of Malus and Brewster's Angle 188 10.2.2
Dichroism and Birefringence 190 10.2.3 Retarder Plates and Circular
Polarization 192 10.3 Diffraction 194 10.3.1 Huygens' Principle and
Diffraction from a Single Slit 194 10.3.2 Fresnel Zone Plate 196 10.3.3
Diffraction Gratings 198 10.4 Holography 200 10.4.1 Basic (Absorption)
Holography 200 10.4.2 Temporal and Spatial Coherence 202 10.4.3 Other
Methods of Holography and Applications 203 10.5 Primary Aberrations 205 11
Optical Couplers Including Optical Fibers 217 11.1 Optical Fibers and
Hollow Waveguides 218 11.2 Couplers for Long Distances 223 11.3 Optical
Couplers as a Means of Electronic Isolation 228 12 Spectrographs: Reading
the "Bar Code" of Nature 231 12.1 Prisms, Ruled Gratings, and Holographic
Gratings 240 12.2 Long-Slit Spectrographs 248 12.3 Integral Field Unit and
Fabry-Pérot 249 12.4 Echelle Spectrographs 254 12.5 Raman Spectrographs 255
13 Optical and Electron Microscopy 259 13.1 Optical Microscopes 260 13.1.1
The Magnifier 260 13.1.2 The Compound Microscope 261 13.1.3 Numerical
Aperture, Resolution, and Depth of Field 262 13.1.4 Alternative Methods of
Optical Microscopy 265 13.2 The Transmission Electron Microscope 266 13.3
Electron-Matter Interactions 271 13.4 Bragg's Diffraction 273 13.5 Scanning
Probe Microscopes 275 14 Photoelectric Image Sensors 277 14.1 Solid-State
Visible Wavelength Sensors 280 14.2 Photoemissive Devices for UV and X-Rays
284 14.3 Infrared "Thermal" Sensors and Night Vision Sensors 287 15 Image
Display Systems 291 15.1 The Human Visual System 293 15.2 Who Invented
Television? 300 15.3 Traditional and High-Definition Tv Display Formats 301
15.4 Cathode Ray Tubes 306 15.5 Liquid Crystal Displays 308 15.6 Plasma
Displays 310 15.7 Digital Micro-Mirror Devices 311 15.8 Touch Screens 314
15.9 Electrophoretic Displays 315 15.10 Near-Eye Displays, Augmented
Reality, and Virtual Reality 317 15.11 Stereoscopic, Autostereoscopic, and
Holographic 3D Displays 319 16 Spacecraft Systems 325 16.1 Operating in
Space: An Overview 326 16.2 Attitude Control System 330 16.3 Spacecraft
Power 337 16.4 Thermal and Other Environmental Control 339 16.5 Command,
Control, and Telemetry 341 16.6 Launch, Propulsion, Station Keeping, and
Deorbit 345 17 Astronomical and Planetary Observatories 353 17.1 Telescope
Designs 354 17.2 Very Large, Ultra-Lightweight or Segmented Mirrors 358
17.3 Adaptive Optics and Active Optics 362 17.4 Space Observatories 365
17.5 Planetary Probes 372 18 Telecommunications 377 18.1 Physical
Connections: Phone Lines, Coaxial Cable, and Fiber Optics 378 18.2 Analog
Free-Space Channels: TV, Radio, Microwave Connections 384 18.3 Digitally
Modulated Free-Space Channels 390 18.4 The Network, Multiplexing, and Data
Compression 392 19 Physics of Instruments for Biology and Medicine 397 19.1
Imaging Instruments 397 19.1.1 CT Scanners 398 19.1.2 Magnetic Resonance
Imaging 398 19.1.3 Ultrasonography and Ultrasonic Lithotripsy 408 19.2
Minimally Invasive Probes and Surgery 410 19.3 Laser Technologies 411 19.4
Miscellaneous Electronic Devices 415 20 A-Bombs, H-Bombs, and Radioactivity
419 20.1 Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Ray Radiation 421 20.2 A-Bombs, H-Bombs,
and Dirty Bombs 423 20.3 Radiation Safety, Detection, and Protection 428
20.4 Industrial and Medical Applications 431 21 Power Generation 433 21.1
Principles of Electric Generators 434 21.2 Power Storage and Power Content
of Fuels 435 21.3 The Power Grid 439 22 Particle Accelerators--Atom and
Particle Smashers 443 22.1 Lorentz Force, Deflection, and Focusing 446 22.2
Beam Generation, Manipulation, and Characterization 448 22.3 DC
Accelerators 450 22.4 RF Linear Accelerators 450 22.4.1 Motivation and
History 450 22.4.2 Linac Components and Operation 452 22.4.3 Beam Bunch
Stability and RF Bucket 454 22.4.4 Power Budget and Linac Applications 454
22.5 Cyclotrons 456 22.6 Synchrotron Radiation and Light Sources 462 22.6.1
Dipole Radiation and Larmor's Formula 462 22.6.2 Wigglers and Undulators
464 22.6.3 First-to-Fourth Generations of Light Sources and Applications of
SR 466 22.6.4 Free-Electron Lasers 468 23 Jet Engines, Stratospheric
Balloons, and Airships 471 23.1 Ramjets, Turbojets, and Turbofan Jets 474
23.2 Stratospheric Balloons 476 23.3 Future Airships 484 Appendix A
Statistics and Error Analysis 489 Bibliography 497 Index 503
Relevance to Modern Technologies 1 1.1 CM, EM, and QM: The Backbone of
Physics 3 1.2 Photonics and Electronics 5 2 Everyday Home Appliances 9 2.1
The Air Conditioner 10 2.2 Microwave Ovens 18 2.3 Smoke Detectors 25 2.4
Compact Discs, Digital Versatile Discs, and Blu-Ray Discs 27 2.5
Photocopiers and Fax Machines 37 3 Devices Encountered in Modern Life 43
3.1 Metal Detectors for Airports and Traffic Lights 43 3.2 Barcode
Scanners, Quick Response Codes, and Radio-Frequency Identification Readers
47 3.3 Global Positioning 53 3.4 Transportation Technologies 57 3.4.1
Internal Combustion Engines versus Electric Motors 57 3.4.2 Alternative
Fuels 58 3.4.3 Speed Radar Guns 60 3.4.4 High-Speed Rail 67 4 Vacuum
Systems: Enabling High-Tech Industries 69 4.1 Vacuum Chamber Technology 70
4.2 Physics of Some Vacuum Gauges 76 4.3 Low Vacuum via Venturi,
Mechanical, or Sorption Pumps 78 4.4 HV via Diffusion, Turbomolecular, or
Cryogenic Pumps 80 4.5 UHV via Ion Pumps 84 5 Cleanrooms, an Enabling
Technology 87 6 Solid-State Electronics 91 6.1 Conducting, Semiconducting,
and Insulating Materials 95 6.2 Resistors, Capacitors, and Inductors 101
6.3 Diodes and Transistors 110 6.4 FET, JFET, MOSFET, CMOS, and TTL 119 6.5
Summary 124 7 High-Tech Semiconductor Fabrication 127 7.1 Thin Films 127
7.2 Thin-Film Deposition Methods 132 7.3 High-Purity Crystals via MBE 138
7.4 Photolithography and Etch Techniques 141 7.5 In Situ and
Intermediate-Stage Tests 145 7.6 Device Structures and IC Packaging 152 8
Materials Science--Invaluable High-Tech Contributions 155 8.1 The Use of
Composite Materials 156 8.2 Thin-Film Multilayers 157 8.3 Nanotechnology
158 9 Light Sources 161 9.1 Incandescent Lamps 166 9.2 Gas Discharge Lamps
168 9.3 Fluorescent Lamps 171 9.4 Light Emitting Diodes 174 9.5 X-Ray
Sources 175 9.6 Lasers 177 9.7 Synchrotron Light Sources 180 9.8 Summary of
Light Sources 180 10 Some Basic Physics of Optical Systems 183 10.1
Refractive and Reflective Optics and Their Uses 184 10.2 Polarization and
Birefringence 188 10.2.1 Law of Malus and Brewster's Angle 188 10.2.2
Dichroism and Birefringence 190 10.2.3 Retarder Plates and Circular
Polarization 192 10.3 Diffraction 194 10.3.1 Huygens' Principle and
Diffraction from a Single Slit 194 10.3.2 Fresnel Zone Plate 196 10.3.3
Diffraction Gratings 198 10.4 Holography 200 10.4.1 Basic (Absorption)
Holography 200 10.4.2 Temporal and Spatial Coherence 202 10.4.3 Other
Methods of Holography and Applications 203 10.5 Primary Aberrations 205 11
Optical Couplers Including Optical Fibers 217 11.1 Optical Fibers and
Hollow Waveguides 218 11.2 Couplers for Long Distances 223 11.3 Optical
Couplers as a Means of Electronic Isolation 228 12 Spectrographs: Reading
the "Bar Code" of Nature 231 12.1 Prisms, Ruled Gratings, and Holographic
Gratings 240 12.2 Long-Slit Spectrographs 248 12.3 Integral Field Unit and
Fabry-Pérot 249 12.4 Echelle Spectrographs 254 12.5 Raman Spectrographs 255
13 Optical and Electron Microscopy 259 13.1 Optical Microscopes 260 13.1.1
The Magnifier 260 13.1.2 The Compound Microscope 261 13.1.3 Numerical
Aperture, Resolution, and Depth of Field 262 13.1.4 Alternative Methods of
Optical Microscopy 265 13.2 The Transmission Electron Microscope 266 13.3
Electron-Matter Interactions 271 13.4 Bragg's Diffraction 273 13.5 Scanning
Probe Microscopes 275 14 Photoelectric Image Sensors 277 14.1 Solid-State
Visible Wavelength Sensors 280 14.2 Photoemissive Devices for UV and X-Rays
284 14.3 Infrared "Thermal" Sensors and Night Vision Sensors 287 15 Image
Display Systems 291 15.1 The Human Visual System 293 15.2 Who Invented
Television? 300 15.3 Traditional and High-Definition Tv Display Formats 301
15.4 Cathode Ray Tubes 306 15.5 Liquid Crystal Displays 308 15.6 Plasma
Displays 310 15.7 Digital Micro-Mirror Devices 311 15.8 Touch Screens 314
15.9 Electrophoretic Displays 315 15.10 Near-Eye Displays, Augmented
Reality, and Virtual Reality 317 15.11 Stereoscopic, Autostereoscopic, and
Holographic 3D Displays 319 16 Spacecraft Systems 325 16.1 Operating in
Space: An Overview 326 16.2 Attitude Control System 330 16.3 Spacecraft
Power 337 16.4 Thermal and Other Environmental Control 339 16.5 Command,
Control, and Telemetry 341 16.6 Launch, Propulsion, Station Keeping, and
Deorbit 345 17 Astronomical and Planetary Observatories 353 17.1 Telescope
Designs 354 17.2 Very Large, Ultra-Lightweight or Segmented Mirrors 358
17.3 Adaptive Optics and Active Optics 362 17.4 Space Observatories 365
17.5 Planetary Probes 372 18 Telecommunications 377 18.1 Physical
Connections: Phone Lines, Coaxial Cable, and Fiber Optics 378 18.2 Analog
Free-Space Channels: TV, Radio, Microwave Connections 384 18.3 Digitally
Modulated Free-Space Channels 390 18.4 The Network, Multiplexing, and Data
Compression 392 19 Physics of Instruments for Biology and Medicine 397 19.1
Imaging Instruments 397 19.1.1 CT Scanners 398 19.1.2 Magnetic Resonance
Imaging 398 19.1.3 Ultrasonography and Ultrasonic Lithotripsy 408 19.2
Minimally Invasive Probes and Surgery 410 19.3 Laser Technologies 411 19.4
Miscellaneous Electronic Devices 415 20 A-Bombs, H-Bombs, and Radioactivity
419 20.1 Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Ray Radiation 421 20.2 A-Bombs, H-Bombs,
and Dirty Bombs 423 20.3 Radiation Safety, Detection, and Protection 428
20.4 Industrial and Medical Applications 431 21 Power Generation 433 21.1
Principles of Electric Generators 434 21.2 Power Storage and Power Content
of Fuels 435 21.3 The Power Grid 439 22 Particle Accelerators--Atom and
Particle Smashers 443 22.1 Lorentz Force, Deflection, and Focusing 446 22.2
Beam Generation, Manipulation, and Characterization 448 22.3 DC
Accelerators 450 22.4 RF Linear Accelerators 450 22.4.1 Motivation and
History 450 22.4.2 Linac Components and Operation 452 22.4.3 Beam Bunch
Stability and RF Bucket 454 22.4.4 Power Budget and Linac Applications 454
22.5 Cyclotrons 456 22.6 Synchrotron Radiation and Light Sources 462 22.6.1
Dipole Radiation and Larmor's Formula 462 22.6.2 Wigglers and Undulators
464 22.6.3 First-to-Fourth Generations of Light Sources and Applications of
SR 466 22.6.4 Free-Electron Lasers 468 23 Jet Engines, Stratospheric
Balloons, and Airships 471 23.1 Ramjets, Turbojets, and Turbofan Jets 474
23.2 Stratospheric Balloons 476 23.3 Future Airships 484 Appendix A
Statistics and Error Analysis 489 Bibliography 497 Index 503
Preface xi About the Companion Website xv 1 Principles of Physics and the
Relevance to Modern Technologies 1 1.1 CM, EM, and QM: The Backbone of
Physics 3 1.2 Photonics and Electronics 5 2 Everyday Home Appliances 9 2.1
The Air Conditioner 10 2.2 Microwave Ovens 18 2.3 Smoke Detectors 25 2.4
Compact Discs, Digital Versatile Discs, and Blu-Ray Discs 27 2.5
Photocopiers and Fax Machines 37 3 Devices Encountered in Modern Life 43
3.1 Metal Detectors for Airports and Traffic Lights 43 3.2 Barcode
Scanners, Quick Response Codes, and Radio-Frequency Identification Readers
47 3.3 Global Positioning 53 3.4 Transportation Technologies 57 3.4.1
Internal Combustion Engines versus Electric Motors 57 3.4.2 Alternative
Fuels 58 3.4.3 Speed Radar Guns 60 3.4.4 High-Speed Rail 67 4 Vacuum
Systems: Enabling High-Tech Industries 69 4.1 Vacuum Chamber Technology 70
4.2 Physics of Some Vacuum Gauges 76 4.3 Low Vacuum via Venturi,
Mechanical, or Sorption Pumps 78 4.4 HV via Diffusion, Turbomolecular, or
Cryogenic Pumps 80 4.5 UHV via Ion Pumps 84 5 Cleanrooms, an Enabling
Technology 87 6 Solid-State Electronics 91 6.1 Conducting, Semiconducting,
and Insulating Materials 95 6.2 Resistors, Capacitors, and Inductors 101
6.3 Diodes and Transistors 110 6.4 FET, JFET, MOSFET, CMOS, and TTL 119 6.5
Summary 124 7 High-Tech Semiconductor Fabrication 127 7.1 Thin Films 127
7.2 Thin-Film Deposition Methods 132 7.3 High-Purity Crystals via MBE 138
7.4 Photolithography and Etch Techniques 141 7.5 In Situ and
Intermediate-Stage Tests 145 7.6 Device Structures and IC Packaging 152 8
Materials Science--Invaluable High-Tech Contributions 155 8.1 The Use of
Composite Materials 156 8.2 Thin-Film Multilayers 157 8.3 Nanotechnology
158 9 Light Sources 161 9.1 Incandescent Lamps 166 9.2 Gas Discharge Lamps
168 9.3 Fluorescent Lamps 171 9.4 Light Emitting Diodes 174 9.5 X-Ray
Sources 175 9.6 Lasers 177 9.7 Synchrotron Light Sources 180 9.8 Summary of
Light Sources 180 10 Some Basic Physics of Optical Systems 183 10.1
Refractive and Reflective Optics and Their Uses 184 10.2 Polarization and
Birefringence 188 10.2.1 Law of Malus and Brewster's Angle 188 10.2.2
Dichroism and Birefringence 190 10.2.3 Retarder Plates and Circular
Polarization 192 10.3 Diffraction 194 10.3.1 Huygens' Principle and
Diffraction from a Single Slit 194 10.3.2 Fresnel Zone Plate 196 10.3.3
Diffraction Gratings 198 10.4 Holography 200 10.4.1 Basic (Absorption)
Holography 200 10.4.2 Temporal and Spatial Coherence 202 10.4.3 Other
Methods of Holography and Applications 203 10.5 Primary Aberrations 205 11
Optical Couplers Including Optical Fibers 217 11.1 Optical Fibers and
Hollow Waveguides 218 11.2 Couplers for Long Distances 223 11.3 Optical
Couplers as a Means of Electronic Isolation 228 12 Spectrographs: Reading
the "Bar Code" of Nature 231 12.1 Prisms, Ruled Gratings, and Holographic
Gratings 240 12.2 Long-Slit Spectrographs 248 12.3 Integral Field Unit and
Fabry-Pérot 249 12.4 Echelle Spectrographs 254 12.5 Raman Spectrographs 255
13 Optical and Electron Microscopy 259 13.1 Optical Microscopes 260 13.1.1
The Magnifier 260 13.1.2 The Compound Microscope 261 13.1.3 Numerical
Aperture, Resolution, and Depth of Field 262 13.1.4 Alternative Methods of
Optical Microscopy 265 13.2 The Transmission Electron Microscope 266 13.3
Electron-Matter Interactions 271 13.4 Bragg's Diffraction 273 13.5 Scanning
Probe Microscopes 275 14 Photoelectric Image Sensors 277 14.1 Solid-State
Visible Wavelength Sensors 280 14.2 Photoemissive Devices for UV and X-Rays
284 14.3 Infrared "Thermal" Sensors and Night Vision Sensors 287 15 Image
Display Systems 291 15.1 The Human Visual System 293 15.2 Who Invented
Television? 300 15.3 Traditional and High-Definition Tv Display Formats 301
15.4 Cathode Ray Tubes 306 15.5 Liquid Crystal Displays 308 15.6 Plasma
Displays 310 15.7 Digital Micro-Mirror Devices 311 15.8 Touch Screens 314
15.9 Electrophoretic Displays 315 15.10 Near-Eye Displays, Augmented
Reality, and Virtual Reality 317 15.11 Stereoscopic, Autostereoscopic, and
Holographic 3D Displays 319 16 Spacecraft Systems 325 16.1 Operating in
Space: An Overview 326 16.2 Attitude Control System 330 16.3 Spacecraft
Power 337 16.4 Thermal and Other Environmental Control 339 16.5 Command,
Control, and Telemetry 341 16.6 Launch, Propulsion, Station Keeping, and
Deorbit 345 17 Astronomical and Planetary Observatories 353 17.1 Telescope
Designs 354 17.2 Very Large, Ultra-Lightweight or Segmented Mirrors 358
17.3 Adaptive Optics and Active Optics 362 17.4 Space Observatories 365
17.5 Planetary Probes 372 18 Telecommunications 377 18.1 Physical
Connections: Phone Lines, Coaxial Cable, and Fiber Optics 378 18.2 Analog
Free-Space Channels: TV, Radio, Microwave Connections 384 18.3 Digitally
Modulated Free-Space Channels 390 18.4 The Network, Multiplexing, and Data
Compression 392 19 Physics of Instruments for Biology and Medicine 397 19.1
Imaging Instruments 397 19.1.1 CT Scanners 398 19.1.2 Magnetic Resonance
Imaging 398 19.1.3 Ultrasonography and Ultrasonic Lithotripsy 408 19.2
Minimally Invasive Probes and Surgery 410 19.3 Laser Technologies 411 19.4
Miscellaneous Electronic Devices 415 20 A-Bombs, H-Bombs, and Radioactivity
419 20.1 Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Ray Radiation 421 20.2 A-Bombs, H-Bombs,
and Dirty Bombs 423 20.3 Radiation Safety, Detection, and Protection 428
20.4 Industrial and Medical Applications 431 21 Power Generation 433 21.1
Principles of Electric Generators 434 21.2 Power Storage and Power Content
of Fuels 435 21.3 The Power Grid 439 22 Particle Accelerators--Atom and
Particle Smashers 443 22.1 Lorentz Force, Deflection, and Focusing 446 22.2
Beam Generation, Manipulation, and Characterization 448 22.3 DC
Accelerators 450 22.4 RF Linear Accelerators 450 22.4.1 Motivation and
History 450 22.4.2 Linac Components and Operation 452 22.4.3 Beam Bunch
Stability and RF Bucket 454 22.4.4 Power Budget and Linac Applications 454
22.5 Cyclotrons 456 22.6 Synchrotron Radiation and Light Sources 462 22.6.1
Dipole Radiation and Larmor's Formula 462 22.6.2 Wigglers and Undulators
464 22.6.3 First-to-Fourth Generations of Light Sources and Applications of
SR 466 22.6.4 Free-Electron Lasers 468 23 Jet Engines, Stratospheric
Balloons, and Airships 471 23.1 Ramjets, Turbojets, and Turbofan Jets 474
23.2 Stratospheric Balloons 476 23.3 Future Airships 484 Appendix A
Statistics and Error Analysis 489 Bibliography 497 Index 503
Relevance to Modern Technologies 1 1.1 CM, EM, and QM: The Backbone of
Physics 3 1.2 Photonics and Electronics 5 2 Everyday Home Appliances 9 2.1
The Air Conditioner 10 2.2 Microwave Ovens 18 2.3 Smoke Detectors 25 2.4
Compact Discs, Digital Versatile Discs, and Blu-Ray Discs 27 2.5
Photocopiers and Fax Machines 37 3 Devices Encountered in Modern Life 43
3.1 Metal Detectors for Airports and Traffic Lights 43 3.2 Barcode
Scanners, Quick Response Codes, and Radio-Frequency Identification Readers
47 3.3 Global Positioning 53 3.4 Transportation Technologies 57 3.4.1
Internal Combustion Engines versus Electric Motors 57 3.4.2 Alternative
Fuels 58 3.4.3 Speed Radar Guns 60 3.4.4 High-Speed Rail 67 4 Vacuum
Systems: Enabling High-Tech Industries 69 4.1 Vacuum Chamber Technology 70
4.2 Physics of Some Vacuum Gauges 76 4.3 Low Vacuum via Venturi,
Mechanical, or Sorption Pumps 78 4.4 HV via Diffusion, Turbomolecular, or
Cryogenic Pumps 80 4.5 UHV via Ion Pumps 84 5 Cleanrooms, an Enabling
Technology 87 6 Solid-State Electronics 91 6.1 Conducting, Semiconducting,
and Insulating Materials 95 6.2 Resistors, Capacitors, and Inductors 101
6.3 Diodes and Transistors 110 6.4 FET, JFET, MOSFET, CMOS, and TTL 119 6.5
Summary 124 7 High-Tech Semiconductor Fabrication 127 7.1 Thin Films 127
7.2 Thin-Film Deposition Methods 132 7.3 High-Purity Crystals via MBE 138
7.4 Photolithography and Etch Techniques 141 7.5 In Situ and
Intermediate-Stage Tests 145 7.6 Device Structures and IC Packaging 152 8
Materials Science--Invaluable High-Tech Contributions 155 8.1 The Use of
Composite Materials 156 8.2 Thin-Film Multilayers 157 8.3 Nanotechnology
158 9 Light Sources 161 9.1 Incandescent Lamps 166 9.2 Gas Discharge Lamps
168 9.3 Fluorescent Lamps 171 9.4 Light Emitting Diodes 174 9.5 X-Ray
Sources 175 9.6 Lasers 177 9.7 Synchrotron Light Sources 180 9.8 Summary of
Light Sources 180 10 Some Basic Physics of Optical Systems 183 10.1
Refractive and Reflective Optics and Their Uses 184 10.2 Polarization and
Birefringence 188 10.2.1 Law of Malus and Brewster's Angle 188 10.2.2
Dichroism and Birefringence 190 10.2.3 Retarder Plates and Circular
Polarization 192 10.3 Diffraction 194 10.3.1 Huygens' Principle and
Diffraction from a Single Slit 194 10.3.2 Fresnel Zone Plate 196 10.3.3
Diffraction Gratings 198 10.4 Holography 200 10.4.1 Basic (Absorption)
Holography 200 10.4.2 Temporal and Spatial Coherence 202 10.4.3 Other
Methods of Holography and Applications 203 10.5 Primary Aberrations 205 11
Optical Couplers Including Optical Fibers 217 11.1 Optical Fibers and
Hollow Waveguides 218 11.2 Couplers for Long Distances 223 11.3 Optical
Couplers as a Means of Electronic Isolation 228 12 Spectrographs: Reading
the "Bar Code" of Nature 231 12.1 Prisms, Ruled Gratings, and Holographic
Gratings 240 12.2 Long-Slit Spectrographs 248 12.3 Integral Field Unit and
Fabry-Pérot 249 12.4 Echelle Spectrographs 254 12.5 Raman Spectrographs 255
13 Optical and Electron Microscopy 259 13.1 Optical Microscopes 260 13.1.1
The Magnifier 260 13.1.2 The Compound Microscope 261 13.1.3 Numerical
Aperture, Resolution, and Depth of Field 262 13.1.4 Alternative Methods of
Optical Microscopy 265 13.2 The Transmission Electron Microscope 266 13.3
Electron-Matter Interactions 271 13.4 Bragg's Diffraction 273 13.5 Scanning
Probe Microscopes 275 14 Photoelectric Image Sensors 277 14.1 Solid-State
Visible Wavelength Sensors 280 14.2 Photoemissive Devices for UV and X-Rays
284 14.3 Infrared "Thermal" Sensors and Night Vision Sensors 287 15 Image
Display Systems 291 15.1 The Human Visual System 293 15.2 Who Invented
Television? 300 15.3 Traditional and High-Definition Tv Display Formats 301
15.4 Cathode Ray Tubes 306 15.5 Liquid Crystal Displays 308 15.6 Plasma
Displays 310 15.7 Digital Micro-Mirror Devices 311 15.8 Touch Screens 314
15.9 Electrophoretic Displays 315 15.10 Near-Eye Displays, Augmented
Reality, and Virtual Reality 317 15.11 Stereoscopic, Autostereoscopic, and
Holographic 3D Displays 319 16 Spacecraft Systems 325 16.1 Operating in
Space: An Overview 326 16.2 Attitude Control System 330 16.3 Spacecraft
Power 337 16.4 Thermal and Other Environmental Control 339 16.5 Command,
Control, and Telemetry 341 16.6 Launch, Propulsion, Station Keeping, and
Deorbit 345 17 Astronomical and Planetary Observatories 353 17.1 Telescope
Designs 354 17.2 Very Large, Ultra-Lightweight or Segmented Mirrors 358
17.3 Adaptive Optics and Active Optics 362 17.4 Space Observatories 365
17.5 Planetary Probes 372 18 Telecommunications 377 18.1 Physical
Connections: Phone Lines, Coaxial Cable, and Fiber Optics 378 18.2 Analog
Free-Space Channels: TV, Radio, Microwave Connections 384 18.3 Digitally
Modulated Free-Space Channels 390 18.4 The Network, Multiplexing, and Data
Compression 392 19 Physics of Instruments for Biology and Medicine 397 19.1
Imaging Instruments 397 19.1.1 CT Scanners 398 19.1.2 Magnetic Resonance
Imaging 398 19.1.3 Ultrasonography and Ultrasonic Lithotripsy 408 19.2
Minimally Invasive Probes and Surgery 410 19.3 Laser Technologies 411 19.4
Miscellaneous Electronic Devices 415 20 A-Bombs, H-Bombs, and Radioactivity
419 20.1 Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Ray Radiation 421 20.2 A-Bombs, H-Bombs,
and Dirty Bombs 423 20.3 Radiation Safety, Detection, and Protection 428
20.4 Industrial and Medical Applications 431 21 Power Generation 433 21.1
Principles of Electric Generators 434 21.2 Power Storage and Power Content
of Fuels 435 21.3 The Power Grid 439 22 Particle Accelerators--Atom and
Particle Smashers 443 22.1 Lorentz Force, Deflection, and Focusing 446 22.2
Beam Generation, Manipulation, and Characterization 448 22.3 DC
Accelerators 450 22.4 RF Linear Accelerators 450 22.4.1 Motivation and
History 450 22.4.2 Linac Components and Operation 452 22.4.3 Beam Bunch
Stability and RF Bucket 454 22.4.4 Power Budget and Linac Applications 454
22.5 Cyclotrons 456 22.6 Synchrotron Radiation and Light Sources 462 22.6.1
Dipole Radiation and Larmor's Formula 462 22.6.2 Wigglers and Undulators
464 22.6.3 First-to-Fourth Generations of Light Sources and Applications of
SR 466 22.6.4 Free-Electron Lasers 468 23 Jet Engines, Stratospheric
Balloons, and Airships 471 23.1 Ramjets, Turbojets, and Turbofan Jets 474
23.2 Stratospheric Balloons 476 23.3 Future Airships 484 Appendix A
Statistics and Error Analysis 489 Bibliography 497 Index 503