This book presents a unified treatment of the science and practice of modern hydrology, derived from the basics of mathematics, physics, chemistry, geology, meteorology, engineering, soil science, and related disciplines. The aim of the book is to provide both breadth and depth of understanding in each of the major sub-sections of modern hydrology, under three broad themes: * water, its properties, its movement, modelling and quality; * the distribution of water in space and time; * water resource sustainability. The importance of linking theory to application is underlined by the inclusion of…mehr
This book presents a unified treatment of the science and practice of modern hydrology, derived from the basics of mathematics, physics, chemistry, geology, meteorology, engineering, soil science, and related disciplines. The aim of the book is to provide both breadth and depth of understanding in each of the major sub-sections of modern hydrology, under three broad themes: * water, its properties, its movement, modelling and quality; * the distribution of water in space and time; * water resource sustainability. The importance of linking theory to application is underlined by the inclusion of four case studies from three continents. These examples cover regions of high water stress and show the relevance of the broad themes of the book to real field situations, and how adaptation measures can be employed to mitigate water stress. Modern Hydrology for Sustainable Development is intended not only as a textbook for students in earth and environmental science and civil engineering degree courses, but also as a reference for professionals in fields as diverse as environmental planning, civil engineering, municipal and industrial water supply, irrigation and catchment management.
Dr. S.K. Gupta has more than 150 publications in internationally refereed research journals and several books to his credit. Dr. Gupta has also been a Fulbright Fellow at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, an Alexander von Humboldt Fellow at the University of Heidelberg, and a Visiting Fellow at the University of Canberra. He is a Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, India.
Inhaltsangabe
Foreword.
Preface.
Acknowledgements.
A note for students and teachers.
1 Fundamentals of hydrology.
1.1 Properties of water.
1.2 Common water quality parameters.
1.3 Hydrologic cycle and global water distribution.
1.4 Units and dimensions.
1.5 Significant figures and digits.
2 Surface water hydrology.
2.1 Lakes.
2.2 Glaciers.
2.3 Streams.
2.4 Watershed concept.
2.5 Instrumentation and monitoring.
2.6 Runoff processes and flow measurement.
2.7 Rainfall-runoff analysis and modelling.
2.8 Stream processes.
2.9 Stream characteristics.
2.10 River and reservoir routing.
2.11 Scales and scaling.
2.12 The invisible resource: groundwater.
2.13 Tutorial.
3 Groundwater hydrology.
3.1 Occurrence of groundwater.
3.2 Movement of groundwater.
3.3 Hydraulic head.
3.4 Dispersion.
3.5 Specialized flow conditions.
3.6 Groundwater measurements.
3.7 Groundwater pollution.
3.8 Composite nature of surfacewater and groundwater.
3.9 Conjunctive use of surfacewater and groundwater.
3.10 Tutorial.
4 Well hydraulics and test pumping.
4.1 Steady flow.
4.2 Superposition in space and time.
4.3 Boundaries and images in flow modelling.
4.4 Well flow under special conditions.
4.5 Well losses.
4.6 Tutorial.
5 Surface and groundwater flow modelling.
5.1 Surface water flow modelling.
5.2 Groundwater flow modelling.
5.3 Surface and groundwater interactions and coupled/integrated modelling.
6 Aqueous chemistry and human impacts on water quality.
6.1 Principles and processes controlling composition of natural waters.
6.2 Natural hydrochemical conditions in the subsurface.
6.3 Presenting inorganic chemical data.
6.4 Impact of human activities.
6.5 Geochemical modelling.
6.6 Chemical tracers.
6.7 Groundwater - numerical modelling of solute transport.
6.8 Relation between use and quality of water.
6.9 Industrial use.
6.10 Tutorial.
7 Hydrologic tracing.
7.1 Isotopes and radioactivity.
7.2 Hydrologic tracers.
7.3 Tracers and groundwater movement.
7.4 Stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen.
7.5 Dissolved noble gases.
7.6 Models for interpretation of groundwater age.
7.7 Tracers for estimation of groundwater recharge.
7.8 Tutorial.
8 Statistical analyses in hydrology.
8.1 Descriptive statistics.
8.2 Probability theory.
8.3 Hydrologic frequency analysis.
8.4 Nonparametric density estimation methods.
8.5 Error analysis.
8.6 Time series analysis.
8.7 Tutorial.
9 Remote sensing and GIS in hydrology.
9.1 Principle of remote sensing.
9.2 Approaches to data/image interpretation.
9.3 Radar and microwave remote sensing.
9.4 Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
9.5 Applications in hydrology.
10 Urban hydrology.
10.1 Water balance in urban areas.
10.2 Disposal of waterborne wastes.
10.3 New approaches and technologies for sustainable urbanization.
11 Rainwater harvesting and artificial groundwater recharge.
11.1 Historical perspective.
11.2 Rainwater harvesting - some general remarks.
11.3 Watershed management and water harvesting.
11.4 Tutorial.
12 Water resource development: the human dimensions.
12.1 The global water crisis.
12.2 Global initiatives.
12.3 Water and ethics.
12.4 Global water tele-connections and virtual water.
13 Some case studies.
13.1 The Yellow River Basin, China.
13.2 The Colorado River Basin, United States.
13.3 The Murray-Darling River Basin, Australia.
13.4 The North Gujarat-Cambay region, Western India.
14 Epilogue.
14.1 Water and its properties, quality considerations, movement, and modelling of surface- and groundwater.
1.3 Hydrologic cycle and global water distribution.
1.4 Units and dimensions.
1.5 Significant figures and digits.
2 Surface water hydrology.
2.1 Lakes.
2.2 Glaciers.
2.3 Streams.
2.4 Watershed concept.
2.5 Instrumentation and monitoring.
2.6 Runoff processes and flow measurement.
2.7 Rainfall-runoff analysis and modelling.
2.8 Stream processes.
2.9 Stream characteristics.
2.10 River and reservoir routing.
2.11 Scales and scaling.
2.12 The invisible resource: groundwater.
2.13 Tutorial.
3 Groundwater hydrology.
3.1 Occurrence of groundwater.
3.2 Movement of groundwater.
3.3 Hydraulic head.
3.4 Dispersion.
3.5 Specialized flow conditions.
3.6 Groundwater measurements.
3.7 Groundwater pollution.
3.8 Composite nature of surfacewater and groundwater.
3.9 Conjunctive use of surfacewater and groundwater.
3.10 Tutorial.
4 Well hydraulics and test pumping.
4.1 Steady flow.
4.2 Superposition in space and time.
4.3 Boundaries and images in flow modelling.
4.4 Well flow under special conditions.
4.5 Well losses.
4.6 Tutorial.
5 Surface and groundwater flow modelling.
5.1 Surface water flow modelling.
5.2 Groundwater flow modelling.
5.3 Surface and groundwater interactions and coupled/integrated modelling.
6 Aqueous chemistry and human impacts on water quality.
6.1 Principles and processes controlling composition of natural waters.
6.2 Natural hydrochemical conditions in the subsurface.
6.3 Presenting inorganic chemical data.
6.4 Impact of human activities.
6.5 Geochemical modelling.
6.6 Chemical tracers.
6.7 Groundwater - numerical modelling of solute transport.
6.8 Relation between use and quality of water.
6.9 Industrial use.
6.10 Tutorial.
7 Hydrologic tracing.
7.1 Isotopes and radioactivity.
7.2 Hydrologic tracers.
7.3 Tracers and groundwater movement.
7.4 Stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen.
7.5 Dissolved noble gases.
7.6 Models for interpretation of groundwater age.
7.7 Tracers for estimation of groundwater recharge.
7.8 Tutorial.
8 Statistical analyses in hydrology.
8.1 Descriptive statistics.
8.2 Probability theory.
8.3 Hydrologic frequency analysis.
8.4 Nonparametric density estimation methods.
8.5 Error analysis.
8.6 Time series analysis.
8.7 Tutorial.
9 Remote sensing and GIS in hydrology.
9.1 Principle of remote sensing.
9.2 Approaches to data/image interpretation.
9.3 Radar and microwave remote sensing.
9.4 Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
9.5 Applications in hydrology.
10 Urban hydrology.
10.1 Water balance in urban areas.
10.2 Disposal of waterborne wastes.
10.3 New approaches and technologies for sustainable urbanization.
11 Rainwater harvesting and artificial groundwater recharge.
11.1 Historical perspective.
11.2 Rainwater harvesting - some general remarks.
11.3 Watershed management and water harvesting.
11.4 Tutorial.
12 Water resource development: the human dimensions.
12.1 The global water crisis.
12.2 Global initiatives.
12.3 Water and ethics.
12.4 Global water tele-connections and virtual water.
13 Some case studies.
13.1 The Yellow River Basin, China.
13.2 The Colorado River Basin, United States.
13.3 The Murray-Darling River Basin, Australia.
13.4 The North Gujarat-Cambay region, Western India.
14 Epilogue.
14.1 Water and its properties, quality considerations, movement, and modelling of surface- and groundwater.
14.2 Distribution of water in space and time.
14.3 Water resource sustainability.
Bibliography.
Index.
Plate section.
Rezensionen
"The material of this book will derive its scientific under-pinning from basics of mathematics, physics, chemistry, geology, meteorology, engineering, soil science, and related disciplines and will provide sufficient breadth and depth of understanding in each sub-section of hydrology. " (Environmental Expert, 8 March 2011)
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