The use of combinations of antiretroviral drugs has proven remarkably effective in controlling the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and prolonging survival. However, transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 has been observed in countries where antiretroviral treatment is available and it can jeopardize the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme. Thus, the study aimed to determine the transmission of drug resistant strains and to characterize the Resistance mutations in treatment naïve HIV-1 infected subjects in Lagos, Nigeria.