Oat (Avena sativa), sometimes called the common Avena sativa, is a species of cereal grain grown for its seed. Oats are used for human consumption as oats and rolled oats. This book discusses the applications of molecular markers for evaluating the genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships of Avena sativa L. germplasm in order to provide developed technologies for crop improvement. This book is of interest to plant geneticists, plant breeders, researchers, and scientists.