The book aims to identify the main directions of monetary policy action at international level, focusing on the inclination of monetary policies towards conventional and non-conventional methods. At the same time, the paperwork aims to analyze the relevance of the monetary policy objectives in the context of the existing international and local realities regarding the CEE countries. Analyzing international conditions it can be seen the external vulnerabilities, which at some point may also pose threats to any monetary policy at national level. Thus, the paper seeks to identify, on the basis of previous national and international experiences, the potential sources of tension, vulnerability and even risk, and the possibility of circumscribing to the support of economic growth and sustainable development of human society.