Government monetary policy is understood as a set of measures of economic regulation of money circulation and credit aimed at ensuring sustainable economic growth by influencing the level and dynamics of inflation, investment activity, and other major macroeconomic processes. Monetary policy is the most important method of state regulation of social reproduction with a view to ensuring the most favorable conditions for the development of a market economy. Money has existed for millennia. On the contrary, central banks have appeared on the historical scene relatively recently. As for the modern model of central banks, its formation dates back to when the functions of central banks in an economy with paper money and commercial banks began to be defined. Today any country in the world, even the smallest one, has its own central bank. It must ensure the stability of banking and financial systems.
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