Every day we are faced with moral dilemmas in both our personal and professional lives. The choices we make, the ways in which we behave, and our responses to these dilemmas are grounded in our personal understandings of ethics and morality. But this understanding is not black and white: What is deplorable to one person may be perfectly acceptable to another. In Moral Reasoning: Rediscovering the Ethical Tradition, author Louis Groarke guides readers through a honing of their critical skills in moral analysis by providing a rich, deep, and far-reaching overview of the discipline. He offers a…mehr
Every day we are faced with moral dilemmas in both our personal and professional lives. The choices we make, the ways in which we behave, and our responses to these dilemmas are grounded in our personal understandings of ethics and morality. But this understanding is not black and white: What is deplorable to one person may be perfectly acceptable to another. In Moral Reasoning: Rediscovering the Ethical Tradition, author Louis Groarke guides readers through a honing of their critical skills in moral analysis by providing a rich, deep, and far-reaching overview of the discipline. He offers a careful, in-depth introduction to the many schools of moral thought that have contributed to Western philosophy and to the teachings of great moral thinkers such as Confucius, Socrates, Epicurus, Aristotle, Jesus, Epictetus, Aquinas, Hobbes, Kant, Mill, and Kierkegaard. This wide-ranging text considers these many different perspectives on morality with the goal of building up one coherent, larger view. Text-wide inclusion of contemporary examples drawing on these classical ideas fosters critical reflection about today's important moral questions and encourages readers to develop their own considered views that go beyond peer pressure and ideology.
Louis Groarke is Associate Professor at St Francis Xavier University, where he teaches Introduction to Philosophy, Ethics, Aesthetics, and the Philosophy of Human Nature. He has published papers in journals such as Humanities, The Journal of Value Inquiry, The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, and The American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly. His other publications include The Good Rebel: Understanding Freedom and Morality (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2002), An Aristotelian Account of Induction: Creating Something From Nothing (McGill-Queen's University Press, 2010), and co-edited with Jonathan Lavery, Literary Form, Argumentative Content and Philosophical Genre (Fairleigh Dickinson, 2010). He was recently an associate of the Northrop Frye Centre at Victoria University at the University of Toronto.
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Preface Acknowledgements 1: Introduction What Is Ethics? To Whom Is This Book Addressed? This Book Presents an Alternative Account of Moral Philosophy This Book Is an Account of Ethics in the Spirit of Aristotle What Is the Purpose of Ethics? Questions for Study and Review 2: Moral Epistemology: We Can Reason about Morality What is Moral Epistemology? How Do We Reason Challenges to Moral Epistemology The 'Is-Ought' Fallacy Why Should I be Moral? A Self-Interested Challenge Moral Philosophy Requires Objectivity and Subjectivity Questions for Study and Review Suggestions for Further Reading 3: The Early Tradition: From Confucius to Jesus and Beyond Introduction Master Kong (Confucius) Heraclitus Democritus Diogenes the Cynic Epicurus Epictetus Pyrrho Protagoras Jesus Questions for Study and Review Suggestions for Further Reading 4: Socrates and Plato Introduction Socratic Teachings Plato's Teachings Questions for Study and Review Suggestions for Further Reading 5: Understanding Moral Theory: Aristotle Introduction On Happiness (Eudaimonia) On Virtue (Arete) On Practical Reason On Means and Ends On External Goods On the Good Life On Three Kinds of Life On Virtue as Habit On The Golden Mean On Morality and Choice On Two Moral Faults On Six Character-Styles On Five Kinds of Intelligence On Two Minor Intellectual Virtues On Moral Induction and Moral Deduction (More) On First Moral Principles On Slaves and Friends Questions for Study and Review Suggestions for Further Reading 6: Understanding Moral Theory: Thomas Aquinas Introduction On Religion and Morality: The Euthyphro Problem On Virtue: Theological and Cardinal On the Cardinal Virtues On the Definition of Law On the Four Kinds of Law Of the Principle of Double Effect On the Internal and External Structure of Voluntary Action On the Three Moral Criteria of a Good Action A Thomistic Account of Ignorance Questions for Study and Review Suggestions for Further Reading 7: The Contractarians: Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Karl Marx Introduction Ancient Contractarianism: The Anonymous Iamblichi Thomas Hobbes and the Beginnings of Modern Contractarianism John Locke: Two-Tiered Contactarianism Jean-Jacques Rousseau and The State of Nature Karl Marx: Rousseau's Legacy Hypothetical Agreement Contractarian Virtue Questions for Study and Review Suggestions for Futher Reading 8: Kant: Duty and Moral Law Introduction Kant and the Enlightenment On Reformation Theology On Duty On Morality Derives from Pure, A Priori Reason On Happiness On Good Will On Imperatives: Categorical and Hypothetical The Categorical Imperative: Five Universal Formulations On Autonomy Criticisms of Kant's Deontological Approach Questions for Study and Review Suggestions for Further Reading 9: Utilitarianism and Liberalism: Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill Introduction Jeremy Bentham: Original Utilitarianism John Stuart Mill: Moral and Political Philosophy Biography Questions for Study and Review Suggestions for Further Reading 10: Contemporary Moral Theory Anti-Theory: A Paradigm Shift in Ethics Kierkegaard's Transcendental Subjectivism: Becoming Yourself Personalism: Persons as the Most Fundamental Moral Reality A Feminist Ethics of Care: Nel Noddings Human Rights: Looking at Duty Backwards, Punishment Divine Command Morality Ecumenical Global Ethics: Agreements between Religions Environmental Ethics: Beyond Deep Ecology Contemporary Contractarianism: Rational Agreement Epilogue Questions for Study and Review Suggestions for Further Reading Glossary Notes Index
Preface Acknowledgements 1: Introduction What Is Ethics? To Whom Is This Book Addressed? This Book Presents an Alternative Account of Moral Philosophy This Book Is an Account of Ethics in the Spirit of Aristotle What Is the Purpose of Ethics? Questions for Study and Review 2: Moral Epistemology: We Can Reason about Morality What is Moral Epistemology? How Do We Reason Challenges to Moral Epistemology The 'Is-Ought' Fallacy Why Should I be Moral? A Self-Interested Challenge Moral Philosophy Requires Objectivity and Subjectivity Questions for Study and Review Suggestions for Further Reading 3: The Early Tradition: From Confucius to Jesus and Beyond Introduction Master Kong (Confucius) Heraclitus Democritus Diogenes the Cynic Epicurus Epictetus Pyrrho Protagoras Jesus Questions for Study and Review Suggestions for Further Reading 4: Socrates and Plato Introduction Socratic Teachings Plato's Teachings Questions for Study and Review Suggestions for Further Reading 5: Understanding Moral Theory: Aristotle Introduction On Happiness (Eudaimonia) On Virtue (Arete) On Practical Reason On Means and Ends On External Goods On the Good Life On Three Kinds of Life On Virtue as Habit On The Golden Mean On Morality and Choice On Two Moral Faults On Six Character-Styles On Five Kinds of Intelligence On Two Minor Intellectual Virtues On Moral Induction and Moral Deduction (More) On First Moral Principles On Slaves and Friends Questions for Study and Review Suggestions for Further Reading 6: Understanding Moral Theory: Thomas Aquinas Introduction On Religion and Morality: The Euthyphro Problem On Virtue: Theological and Cardinal On the Cardinal Virtues On the Definition of Law On the Four Kinds of Law Of the Principle of Double Effect On the Internal and External Structure of Voluntary Action On the Three Moral Criteria of a Good Action A Thomistic Account of Ignorance Questions for Study and Review Suggestions for Further Reading 7: The Contractarians: Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Karl Marx Introduction Ancient Contractarianism: The Anonymous Iamblichi Thomas Hobbes and the Beginnings of Modern Contractarianism John Locke: Two-Tiered Contactarianism Jean-Jacques Rousseau and The State of Nature Karl Marx: Rousseau's Legacy Hypothetical Agreement Contractarian Virtue Questions for Study and Review Suggestions for Futher Reading 8: Kant: Duty and Moral Law Introduction Kant and the Enlightenment On Reformation Theology On Duty On Morality Derives from Pure, A Priori Reason On Happiness On Good Will On Imperatives: Categorical and Hypothetical The Categorical Imperative: Five Universal Formulations On Autonomy Criticisms of Kant's Deontological Approach Questions for Study and Review Suggestions for Further Reading 9: Utilitarianism and Liberalism: Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill Introduction Jeremy Bentham: Original Utilitarianism John Stuart Mill: Moral and Political Philosophy Biography Questions for Study and Review Suggestions for Further Reading 10: Contemporary Moral Theory Anti-Theory: A Paradigm Shift in Ethics Kierkegaard's Transcendental Subjectivism: Becoming Yourself Personalism: Persons as the Most Fundamental Moral Reality A Feminist Ethics of Care: Nel Noddings Human Rights: Looking at Duty Backwards, Punishment Divine Command Morality Ecumenical Global Ethics: Agreements between Religions Environmental Ethics: Beyond Deep Ecology Contemporary Contractarianism: Rational Agreement Epilogue Questions for Study and Review Suggestions for Further Reading Glossary Notes Index
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