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adr ad-D n Mu ammad Sh r z also called Mulla Sadr (c. 1571 1636) was a Persian Shia Islamic philosopher, theologian and lim who led the Iranian cultural renaissance in the 17th century. Mulla Sadra is arguably the single most important and influential philosopher in the Muslim world in the last four hundred years. The foremost representative of the Illuminationist, or (Ishraghi or Ishraqi) school of philosopher-mystics, he is commonly regarded by Iranians as the greatest philosopher their country has ever produced. His school of philosophy is called Transcendent Theosophy or al-hikmah al-muta liyah. Mulla Sadra's philosophy and ontology is considered to be just as important to Islamic philosophy as Martin Heidegger's philosophy later was to Western philosophy in the 20th century. Mulla Sadra bought "a new philosophical insight in dealing with the nature of reality" and created "a major transition from essentialism to existentialism" in Islamic philosophy, several centuries beforethis occurred in Western philosophy.