With the power and range of modern pulse spectrometers the compass of NMR spec troscopy is now very large for a single book-but we have undertaken this. Our book covers the Periodic Table as multinuclear spectrometers do, and introductory chapters are devoted to the essentials of the NMR experiment and its products. Primary products are chemical shifts (including anisotropies), spin-spin coupling constants, and relaxation times; the ultimate product is a knowledge of content and constitution, dynamic as well as static. Our province is chemical and biochemical rather than physical or technical;…mehr
With the power and range of modern pulse spectrometers the compass of NMR spec troscopy is now very large for a single book-but we have undertaken this. Our book covers the Periodic Table as multinuclear spectrometers do, and introductory chapters are devoted to the essentials of the NMR experiment and its products. Primary products are chemical shifts (including anisotropies), spin-spin coupling constants, and relaxation times; the ultimate product is a knowledge of content and constitution, dynamic as well as static. Our province is chemical and biochemical rather than physical or technical; only passing reference is made to metallic solids or unstable species, or to practical NMR spectroscopy. Our aim is depth as well as breadth, to explain the fundamental processes, whether of nuclear magnetic shielding, spin-spin coupling, relaxation, or the multiple pulse sequences that have allowed the development of high-resolution studies of solids, multidimensional NMR spectroscopy, techniques for sensitivity enhancement, and so on. This book therefore combines the functions of advanced textbook and reference book. For reasonably comprehensive coverage in a single volume we have sum marized the information in tables and charts, and included all leading references.
1 Introduction.- 2 The Parameters of NMR Spectroscopy.- 1. Nuclear Properties of the Elements and the Resonance Condition.- 2. The Nucleus in a Chemical Environment.- 3. The Larmor Precession and the Bloch Equations.- 4. The Fourier Transform Technique.- 5. Multipulse and Multiple Resonance Techniques.- 6. Oriented Systems.- 7. The NMR Time Scale.- 8. Physical Effects on the NMR Parameters.- References.- 3 The Chemical Shift.- 1. Nuclear Magnetic Shielding and the Chemical Shift.- 2. Theoretical Description.- 3. Patterns of Chemical Shifts.- 4. Correlations of Chemical Shifts with Other Molecular Properties.- 5. Shifts in Paramagnetic Systems.- 6. Effects of Intermolecular Interactions and Intramolecular Dynamics.- References.- 4 Spin-Spin Coupling.- 1. General Considerations.- 2. Empirical Patterns of Coupling Constants.- 3. Effects of Intermolecular Interactions and Intramolecular Dynamics on Spin-Spin Coupling.- 4. Theoretical Description.- References.- 5 Relaxation and Related Time-Dependent Processes.- 1. Importance.- 2. Definitions.- 3. Microscopic Theory.- 4. Specific Mechanisms.- 5. Methods of Measurement.- 6. Line Broadening Due to Chemical Exchange.- 7. Paramagnetic Interactions.- 8. Two-Dimensional NMR.- References.- 6 Hydrogen and Its Isotopes: Hydrogen, Deuterium, and Tritium.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental Techniques.- 3. Hydrogen or the Proton, or Protium.- 4. Deuterium.- 5. Tritium.- References.- 7 The Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals: Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, and Barium.- 1. Introduction to Groups I and II.- 2. Experimental Techniques.- 3. Aqueous Solutions of Simple Salts.- 4. Mixed and Nonaqueous Solutions of Simple Salts.- 5. Complexes Between the Cations and Various Types of Ligands.- 6. Group I and II Metal Organic Compounds.- References.- 8 Boron.- 1. Nuclear Properties and General Considerations.- 2. Trigonal and Tetrahedral Compounds.- 3. Polyhedral Boron-Containing Species.- References.- 9 Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, and Thallium.- 1. The Nuclear Properties of Al, Ga, and In, the Quadrupolar Nuclei.- 2. Aluminum.- 3. Gallium.- 4. Indium.- 5. Thallium.- References.- 10 Carbon.- 11 Silicon, Germanium, Tin, and Lead.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental Aspects.- 3. Chemical Shifts.- 4. Coupling Constants.- 5. Relaxation Behavior.- 6. Miscellaneous and Solid State Work.- References.- 12 Nitrogen.- 1. Nitrogen NMR Spectroscopy.- 2. 15N NMR Spectroscopy.- 3. 14N NMR Spectroscopy.- 4. Patterns of Nitrogen Shielding.- 5. Nitrogen Spin-Spin Coupling.- 6. Dynamics.- 7. Biomolecules.- References.- 13 Phosphorus to Bismuth.- 1. Phosphorus-31.- 2. Arsenic-75, Antimony-121,123 and Bismuth-209.- References.- 14 Oxygen.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental Aspects.- 3. Chemical Shifts.- 4. Spin Coupling.- 5. Relaxation Behavior.- 6. Applications.- 7. The Solid State.- References.- 15 Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Sulfur.- 3. Selenium and Tellurium.- References.- 16 Fluorine.- 1. 19F NMR Measurements.- 2. 19F Chemical Shifts.- 3. Spin-Spin Coupling Involving 19F.- 4. 19F Relaxation.- References.- 17 The Quadrupolar Halides: Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental Techniques.- 3. NMR Parameters.- References.- 18 The Noble Gases.- 1. Introduction.- 2. 129Xe NMR Studies of Bonding and Structure of Xenon Compounds.- 3. Probing Nonspecific Intermolecular Interactions with Noble Gas Nuclei.- References.- 19 Early Transition Metals, Lanthanides and Actinides.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Group IIIb.- 3. Group IVb: Titanium, Zirconium, and Hafnium.- 4. Group Vb.- 5. Group VIb.- 6. Group VIIb.- References.- 20 Group VIII Transition Metals.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Observation.- 3. Chemical Shifts.- 4. Spin-Spin Coupling.- References.- 21 Post-Transition Metals, Copper to Mercury.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Observation.- 3. Chemical Shifts.- 4. Spin-Spin Coupling.- References.- 22 NMR Spectroscopy in Bioinorganic Chemistry.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Some Examples of Biological Applications: Isotope Shifts in 31P NMR.- 3. Sodium Transport Through Membranes Using 23Na Resonance.- 4. Active Site Interactions in Fluorine-Labeled ?-Chymotrypsin.- 5. 113Cd Studies of Alkaline Phosphatase.- 6. 31P NMR in Living Tissue.- 7. Ion Binding to Cytochrome c Studied by Nuclear Magnetic Quadrupole Relaxation.- 8. Deuterium Label Studies of Membranes.- 9. Direct Determination of Correlation Times in Enzyme Complexes Involving Monovalent Cations and Paramagnetic Centers.- Index of Reviews.- References.- 23 Biomedical NMR.- 1. Biomedical NMR.- 2. NMR Imaging.- 3. Localized NMR Spectroscopy.- 4. Further Applications.- References.- Symbols and Abbreviations.- SI Units and Fundamental Constants.- Appendix: NMR Properties of the Elements.
1 Introduction.- 2 The Parameters of NMR Spectroscopy.- 1. Nuclear Properties of the Elements and the Resonance Condition.- 2. The Nucleus in a Chemical Environment.- 3. The Larmor Precession and the Bloch Equations.- 4. The Fourier Transform Technique.- 5. Multipulse and Multiple Resonance Techniques.- 6. Oriented Systems.- 7. The NMR Time Scale.- 8. Physical Effects on the NMR Parameters.- References.- 3 The Chemical Shift.- 1. Nuclear Magnetic Shielding and the Chemical Shift.- 2. Theoretical Description.- 3. Patterns of Chemical Shifts.- 4. Correlations of Chemical Shifts with Other Molecular Properties.- 5. Shifts in Paramagnetic Systems.- 6. Effects of Intermolecular Interactions and Intramolecular Dynamics.- References.- 4 Spin-Spin Coupling.- 1. General Considerations.- 2. Empirical Patterns of Coupling Constants.- 3. Effects of Intermolecular Interactions and Intramolecular Dynamics on Spin-Spin Coupling.- 4. Theoretical Description.- References.- 5 Relaxation and Related Time-Dependent Processes.- 1. Importance.- 2. Definitions.- 3. Microscopic Theory.- 4. Specific Mechanisms.- 5. Methods of Measurement.- 6. Line Broadening Due to Chemical Exchange.- 7. Paramagnetic Interactions.- 8. Two-Dimensional NMR.- References.- 6 Hydrogen and Its Isotopes: Hydrogen, Deuterium, and Tritium.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental Techniques.- 3. Hydrogen or the Proton, or Protium.- 4. Deuterium.- 5. Tritium.- References.- 7 The Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals: Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, and Barium.- 1. Introduction to Groups I and II.- 2. Experimental Techniques.- 3. Aqueous Solutions of Simple Salts.- 4. Mixed and Nonaqueous Solutions of Simple Salts.- 5. Complexes Between the Cations and Various Types of Ligands.- 6. Group I and II Metal Organic Compounds.- References.- 8 Boron.- 1. Nuclear Properties and General Considerations.- 2. Trigonal and Tetrahedral Compounds.- 3. Polyhedral Boron-Containing Species.- References.- 9 Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, and Thallium.- 1. The Nuclear Properties of Al, Ga, and In, the Quadrupolar Nuclei.- 2. Aluminum.- 3. Gallium.- 4. Indium.- 5. Thallium.- References.- 10 Carbon.- 11 Silicon, Germanium, Tin, and Lead.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental Aspects.- 3. Chemical Shifts.- 4. Coupling Constants.- 5. Relaxation Behavior.- 6. Miscellaneous and Solid State Work.- References.- 12 Nitrogen.- 1. Nitrogen NMR Spectroscopy.- 2. 15N NMR Spectroscopy.- 3. 14N NMR Spectroscopy.- 4. Patterns of Nitrogen Shielding.- 5. Nitrogen Spin-Spin Coupling.- 6. Dynamics.- 7. Biomolecules.- References.- 13 Phosphorus to Bismuth.- 1. Phosphorus-31.- 2. Arsenic-75, Antimony-121,123 and Bismuth-209.- References.- 14 Oxygen.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental Aspects.- 3. Chemical Shifts.- 4. Spin Coupling.- 5. Relaxation Behavior.- 6. Applications.- 7. The Solid State.- References.- 15 Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Sulfur.- 3. Selenium and Tellurium.- References.- 16 Fluorine.- 1. 19F NMR Measurements.- 2. 19F Chemical Shifts.- 3. Spin-Spin Coupling Involving 19F.- 4. 19F Relaxation.- References.- 17 The Quadrupolar Halides: Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental Techniques.- 3. NMR Parameters.- References.- 18 The Noble Gases.- 1. Introduction.- 2. 129Xe NMR Studies of Bonding and Structure of Xenon Compounds.- 3. Probing Nonspecific Intermolecular Interactions with Noble Gas Nuclei.- References.- 19 Early Transition Metals, Lanthanides and Actinides.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Group IIIb.- 3. Group IVb: Titanium, Zirconium, and Hafnium.- 4. Group Vb.- 5. Group VIb.- 6. Group VIIb.- References.- 20 Group VIII Transition Metals.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Observation.- 3. Chemical Shifts.- 4. Spin-Spin Coupling.- References.- 21 Post-Transition Metals, Copper to Mercury.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Observation.- 3. Chemical Shifts.- 4. Spin-Spin Coupling.- References.- 22 NMR Spectroscopy in Bioinorganic Chemistry.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Some Examples of Biological Applications: Isotope Shifts in 31P NMR.- 3. Sodium Transport Through Membranes Using 23Na Resonance.- 4. Active Site Interactions in Fluorine-Labeled ?-Chymotrypsin.- 5. 113Cd Studies of Alkaline Phosphatase.- 6. 31P NMR in Living Tissue.- 7. Ion Binding to Cytochrome c Studied by Nuclear Magnetic Quadrupole Relaxation.- 8. Deuterium Label Studies of Membranes.- 9. Direct Determination of Correlation Times in Enzyme Complexes Involving Monovalent Cations and Paramagnetic Centers.- Index of Reviews.- References.- 23 Biomedical NMR.- 1. Biomedical NMR.- 2. NMR Imaging.- 3. Localized NMR Spectroscopy.- 4. Further Applications.- References.- Symbols and Abbreviations.- SI Units and Fundamental Constants.- Appendix: NMR Properties of the Elements.
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