Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is generally understood to be an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. While we still are not certain of the root cause of MS, research results suggest that unknown environmental factors and the presence of specific genes seem the most probable targets. MS causes an inflammatory response in the central nervous system leading to neurodegeneration, oligodendrocyte death, axonal damage, and gliosis. Over the past five years ongoing research has greatly expanded our understanding of the pathogenesis of MS, detailed insight into the epidemiology and…mehr
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is generally understood to be an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. While we still are not certain of the root cause of MS, research results suggest that unknown environmental factors and the presence of specific genes seem the most probable targets. MS causes an inflammatory response in the central nervous system leading to neurodegeneration, oligodendrocyte death, axonal damage, and gliosis. Over the past five years ongoing research has greatly expanded our understanding of the pathogenesis of MS, detailed insight into the epidemiology and genetic factors related to MS, the introduction of new technologies and tests to better diagnose and predict the future course of the disease and the introduction of new treatments targeting MS. This collection of review chapters provides a comprehensive reference into the science and clinical applications of the latest Multiple Sclerosis research and will be a valuable resource for the neuroscience research community and the clinical neurology community of researchers and practitioners.
An Exploration into China's Economic Development and Electricity Demand by the Year 2050, is an exploratory study of national and regional economic development, energy demand and electricity demand in China by the year of 2050. China's economy grows rapidly and it is now the second largest economy in the world. In 2010, GDP reached 40 trillion Yuan and electricity consumption was second only to the United States, reaching 4.19 trillion kWh. Many people follow future (long-term) trends of Chinese economic development and demand for electricity closely and are especially interested in how development will look in 2030 and 2050. Based on the ILE4, this book examines the main features of China's economic development and electricity consumption since the economic reform of the 1980's. It includes an analysis of the intrinsic connection between electricity demand and economic growth and the changing trends of the adjustment of economic structure, regional layout optimization and development of the energy intensive industry, as well as how these factors impact China's demand for electricity. In addition, the book considers the next 20 years of China's economic development and growing demand for electricity based on the detailed simulations conducted by ILE4 in regional economic development and electricity consumption in 2030 as well as the prospective of China's electricity consumption and economic growth in the year 2050.
Inhaltsangabe
Section 1 Pathogenesis 1. Immune regulation of multiple sclerosis 2. Neuropathology of MS 3. The good and the bad of neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis 4. Demyelination in multiple sclerosis 5. Axonal loss in multiple sclerosis: Causes and mechanisms 6. Insights from magnetic resonance imaging 7. Infections and multiple sclerosis 8. The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS: utility for understanding disease pathophysiology and treatment
Section 2 Epidemiology and genetics 9. Multiple sclerosis genetics 10. Genetics of primary progressive multiple sclerosis 11. The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis: insights to disease pathogenesis
Section 3 Diagnosis and disease course 12. Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and clinical presentation 13. MRI mimics of multiple sclerosis 14. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis 15. Clinical course of multiple sclerosis 16. Early prognosis of multiple sclerosis 17. Clinical outcome measures in multiple sclerosis 18. MRI outcomes in the diagnosis and disease course of multiple sclerosis 19. Multiple sclerosis in children
Section 4 Treatment 20. Clinical trials in multiple sclerosis 21. Glucocorticoid treatment of multiple sclerosis 22. Disease modifying agents in multiple sclerosis 23. Immunosuppressive treatments in multiple sclerosis 24. Symptomatic treatment and management of multiple sclerosis 25. Future treatment approaches to multiple sclerosis
Section 5 Other demyelinating diseases 26. Neuromyelitis optica (Devic's syndrome) 27. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and other inflammatory demyelinating variants 28. Acute inflammatory myelopathies
Section 1 Pathogenesis 1. Immune regulation of multiple sclerosis 2. Neuropathology of MS 3. The good and the bad of neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis 4. Demyelination in multiple sclerosis 5. Axonal loss in multiple sclerosis: Causes and mechanisms 6. Insights from magnetic resonance imaging 7. Infections and multiple sclerosis 8. The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS: utility for understanding disease pathophysiology and treatment
Section 2 Epidemiology and genetics 9. Multiple sclerosis genetics 10. Genetics of primary progressive multiple sclerosis 11. The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis: insights to disease pathogenesis
Section 3 Diagnosis and disease course 12. Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and clinical presentation 13. MRI mimics of multiple sclerosis 14. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis 15. Clinical course of multiple sclerosis 16. Early prognosis of multiple sclerosis 17. Clinical outcome measures in multiple sclerosis 18. MRI outcomes in the diagnosis and disease course of multiple sclerosis 19. Multiple sclerosis in children
Section 4 Treatment 20. Clinical trials in multiple sclerosis 21. Glucocorticoid treatment of multiple sclerosis 22. Disease modifying agents in multiple sclerosis 23. Immunosuppressive treatments in multiple sclerosis 24. Symptomatic treatment and management of multiple sclerosis 25. Future treatment approaches to multiple sclerosis
Section 5 Other demyelinating diseases 26. Neuromyelitis optica (Devic's syndrome) 27. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and other inflammatory demyelinating variants 28. Acute inflammatory myelopathies