Marilyn E. Phelan

Museum Law

A Guide for Officers, Directors, and Counsel

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

From one of America's foremost experts in museum and cultural heritage law, Museum Law: A Guide for Officers, Directors, and Counsel is a comprehensive guide to both U.S. and international laws and conventions affecting museums, art galleries, natural and historic heritage, and other cultural organizations. The fourth edition details laws protecting art and artists, cultural and natural heritage, U.S. and international law, regulations for tax-exempt status, and much more. This book also includes an unprecedented look at museums' unrelated business taxable income from such increasingly common activities as gifts shops, snack bars, travel tours, and sponsorships. No museum, cultural heritage site, or historical site can afford to be without it.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Globe Pequot Publishing Group Inc/Bloomsbury
• 4th Edition
• Seitenzahl: 514
• Erscheinungstermin: 17. April 2014
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 235mm x 157mm x 32mm
• Gewicht: 887g
• ISBN-13: 9780759124349
• ISBN-10: 0759124345
• Artikelnr.: 40115578

Autorenporträt

MARILYN E. PHELAN, the Paul Whitfield Horn Distinguished Professor of Law Emerita at Texas Tech University, is a life member of the two leading legal institutions--American Law Institute and Uniform Law Commission. In addition to authoring or co-authoring seventeen books and over fifty articles on legal issues related to federal tax law and nonprofits, she has co-authored this book and one other based on her Christian faith and extensive Bible studies. JAY M. PHELAN is certified by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization as a specialist in criminal law and is co-author of Sovereign Immunity Law. Prior to his now sixteenth year as a district judge, he was in the private practice of law and also served as a county attorney. He is currently chair of deacons at his church and has served as a Bible teacher.

Inhaltsangabe

TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF SELETED CASES PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PART
I-OPERATIONS CHAPTER I. MUSEUM GOVERNANCE: LAWS AND PRINCIPLES A.
Organizational Structure of a Museum 1. Charitable Trust 2. Association 3.
Nonprofit Corporation a. Members b. Directors c. Officers d. Employees B.
Governance Principles for Museum Officials 1. Standards of Conduct for
Trustees and Directors a. Duty of Care b. Duty of Loyalty 2. Disposition of
Assets upon Dissolution 3. Enforcement of Fiduciary Obligations a. Immunity
from Liability b. Standing (Right) to Sue c. Indemnification of Directors
4. Federal Regulation a. Self-Dealing-§ 4941 of the Internal Revenue Code
b. Excess Benefit Transactions-§ 4958 of the Internal Revenue Code C.
Accounting for Museums 1. Statement of Financial Position 2. Statement of
Activity 3. Statement of Cash Flows 4. Fund Accounting 5. Museum
Collections 6. Donated Services and Materials 7. Governmental Reporting
Requirements CHAPTER II. MUSEUM PERSONNEL A. Employment Laws and Principles
1. At-Will Employment Doctrine 2. Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII) 3.
Equal Pay Act 4. Age Discrimination in Employment Act 5. Vocational
Rehabilitation Act 6. Veterans Employment Emphasis under Federal Contracts
Act 7. Americans with Disabilities Act 8. Fifth and Fourteenth Amendment
Requirements a. Property Interest b. Liberty Interest c. Procedural Due
Process 9. Safety Requirements B. Employee's Tortious Conduct 1. Negligence
2. Museum's Vicarious Liability 3. Defenses 4. Immunity from Liability 5.
Strict Liability 6. Special Liability Rules for Owners of Land a.
Trespasser b. Trespassing Children c. Licensee d. Invitee e. Abolition of
Categories 7. Need for Insurance C. Use of Guards D. Use of Volunteers E.
Unionization of Museum Employees 1. Selection of a Labor Representative 2.
Duty to Bargain in Good Faith 3. Subject Matter of Bargaining 4. Unfair
Labor Practices 5. Strikes 6. Agency or Union Shops an Right to Work Laws
7. How Labor Laws Affect a Museum CHAPTER III. OBTAINING AND MAINTAINING
TAX EXEMPT STATUS A. Section 501(c)(3) Status 1. Inurement 2. Commercial
Activities 3. Involvement in a Partnership 4. Shareholder in a For-Profit
Corporation 5. Lobbying Activities a. Definition of Lobbying b. Electing
Organization c. Nonelecting Organization d. Exceptions to Lobbying e.
Penalty Taxes B. Standing (Right) of the Public to Challenge Tax-Exempt
Status C. Museum with Public Charity Status for Tax Purposes 1.
Disqualified Person Characterization 2. Section 509(a)(1) Public Charity a.
Support Test b. Facts and Circumstances Test 3. Unusual Grants 4. Section
509(a)(2) Public Charity a. Support Test b. Investment Income Tesst 5.
Section 509(a)(3) Public Charity a. Organizational Test b. Operational Test
c. Relationship with Publicly Supported Charities I. Type I-Operated,
Supervised, or Controlled by II. Type II-Supervised and Controlled in
Connection With III. Type III-Operated in Connection With 6. Procedures to
Obtain Public Charity Status 7. Annual Reporting Requirements 8.
Involvement in Excess Benefit Transactions a. Disqualified Persons under
Section 4958 b. Excess Benefit Transaction D. Museum with Private
Foundation Status for Tax Purposes 1. Classification as a Private
Foundation a. Charitable Contribution Deduction b. Excise Tax c.
Self-Dealing d. Failure to Distribute Income e. Excess Business Holdings f.
Jeopardizing Investments g. Taxable Expenditures 2. Private Operating
Foundation a. Income Test b. Assets Test c. Endowment Test d. Support Test
3. Termination of Private Foundation Status a. Termination Tax b. Voluntary
Termination 4. Annual Returns CHAPTER IV. FUNDING AND UNRELATED BUSINESS
TAXABLE INCOME A. Funding for Museums 1. Federal Funding 2. Grants from
Private Nonoperating Foundations 3. Fund Raising Activities 4. Licensing
Agreements a. Basic Principles of Contract Law b. Terms of Sales Agreement
c. Statute of Frauds (Requirement that Contract be in Writing) d. Rejection
of Goods e. Risk of Loss f. Warranties B. Tax Issues Relating to Funding
Obtained through Donations 1. Charitable Contribution Deduction 2. Deferred
Giving 3. Valuation 4. Disclosure Requirements C. Unrelated Business
Taxable Income 1. Income from an Unrelated Trade or Business a. Not
Substantially Related to Museum's Charitable Purposes b. Regularly Carried
On c. Exploitation of a Museum's Exempt Function 2. Specific Exclusions
from Unrelated Trade or Business 3. Gift Shops 4. Snack Bar and Cafeteria
5. Parking Lot 6. Travel Tours 7. Sale of Art Works 8. Fund-raising
Activities 9. Income from Advertising 10. Income from Sponsorships 11.
Trade Shows 12. Income from Investments a. Rental Income b. Royalty Income
13. Income from a Controlled Organization 14. Income from Unrelated
Debt-Financed Property a. Average Acquisition Indebtedness b. Average
Adjusted Basis c. Debt/Basis Percentage and Taxable Income PART II-MUSEUM
COLLECTIONS CHAPTER V. ACQUISITIONS A. Purchases 1.
Authentication--Forgeries 2. Acquiring Good Title B. Gifts 1. Legal
Requirements 2. Cy Pres Doctrine C. Loans 1. Law Relating to Bailments 2.
International Loans of Artistic Treasures 3. Exemption of Loans from
Seizure D. Natural and Cultural Heritage Restrictions E. Deaccessioning
CHAPTER VI: STOLEN AND ILLEGALLY IMPORTED ARTIFACTS IN COLLECTIONS A.
Importation Laws on Artifacts from Other Countries 1. Pre-Columbian
Monumental Architectural Sculpture or Mural Act 2. Cultural Property
Implementation Act 3. National Stolen Property Act B. Return/Restitution of
Stolen and Illegally Exported Artifacts 1. Statute of Limitations 2. Due
Diligence Requirement 3 Laches Defense 4. Claims From and Against Foreign
Governments C. Mediation to Settle Disputes CHAPTER VII: ARTISTIC
COLLECTIONS AND RIGHTS OF ARTISTS A. Moral Right B. Droit de Suite C.
Freedom of Expression D. Defamation E. Invasion of Privacy F. Right of
Publicity G. Unfair Competition CHAPTER VIII. COPYRIGHT LAWS A. Sources and
Extent of Copyright Protection B. Original Work of Authorship C. Artists'
Moral Right D. Fair Use of Copyrighted Works E. First Sale Doctrine F.
Means to Secure Copyright Protection G. Liability for Infringing
Copyrighted Works H. Application of Copyright Laws in a Digital Environment
I. Protection and Liability Outside of Copyright Laws 1. Right of Publicity
2. Unfair Competition 3. Trademarks 4. Misappropriation 5. Trade Dress J.
Licensing of Digital Images PART III-HERITAGE CHAPTER IX. NATURAL HERITAGE
PROTECTION A. Laws Protecting the Natural Heritage 1. The Convention on
International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 2.
Migratory Bird Treaty Act 3. Marine Mammal Protection Act 4. Endangered
Species Act 5. Lacey Act 6. Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act 7.
Free-Roaming Horse and Burro Act B. Required Permits CHAPTER X. LAWS IN THE
UNITED STATES PROTECTING CULTURAL HERITAGE A. Antiquities Act of 1906 B.
Historic Sites Act C. National Historical Preservation Act D. National
Environmental Policy Act E. Archaeological Resources Protection Act F.
Architectural Works Copyright Protection Act G. National Film Preservation
Act H. Visual Artists Rights Act I. Preservation of America's Heritage
Abroad J. Tax Incentives for Historic Preservation K. Sunken Treasures 1.
Law of Finds and Law of Salvage 2. Abandoned Shipwreck Act L. Native
American Artifacts 1. American Indian Religious Freedom Act 2.
Archaeological Resources Protection Act and National Historic Preservation
Act 3. Native American Grave Protection and Repatriation Act 4.
International Implications of Native American Grave Protection and
Repatriation Act CHAPTER XI. INTERNATIONAL CULTURAL HERITAGE PROTECTION A.
Convention Definitions of Cultural Property B. 1954 Hague Convention for
the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict 1.
Protection of Cultural Property during Armed Conflict 2. Blue Shield 3.
International Committee of the Blue Shield 4. Protocols to the Hague
Convention C. 1970 UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and
Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural
Property 1. Guidelines of the American Association of Art Museum Directors
and the American Alliance of Museums 2. Provisional Adoption by the United
States 3. Application of Convention Requirements in Other Countries D. 1972
UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural
Heritage 1. World Heritage Committee and World Heritage List 2. World
Heritage Fund E. 1995 UNIDROIT Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported
Cultural Objects 1. Return of Stolen Cultural Property 2. Time Limitations
for Restitution 3. Innocent Purchaser and Due Diligence Requirement 4.
Effective Date for Repatriation of Cultural Objects F. 2001 Convention for
the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage 1. Law of the Sea 2.
International Convention on Protection on Underwater Cultural Property 3.
Bilateral Agreements APPENDIX A. Conflict of Interest Policy B. Agreement
to Hold Harmless C. Licensing Agreement D. Form for Gift of Personalty E.
Bailment Loan Contract INDEX