Nowadays in the scientific world more and more attention is paid to the study of brain processes, and especially relevant are the issues of brain plasticity, how a particular activity can affect the structural and functional features of the brain organization. This paper provides a detailed overview of these studies on structural and functional features of the brain. Intensive music practice may cause changes in brain activity not only on the functional but also on the anatomical level, contribute to the formation of interfunctional connections, and influence various cognitive processes. The author has undertaken a study of the peculiarities of interhemispheric organization of auditory and motor functions in persons professionally engaged in music. For this purpose, classical neuropsychological methods of research were used, author's methods were developed, as well as foreign methods first used in Russia. This work may be of interest both for those who professionally study the brain support of mental processes, and for all those interested in neuropsychology, issues of functional asymmetry and plasticity of the brain.