This study aimed to assess the microbial quality of stored peanut grains from different markets in Brazzaville, Congo. A total of 12 samples were collected and analyzed for the presence of molds and their potential to produce mycotoxins. The results showed a diversity of molds, including some that are known to produce mycotoxins. The stored peanut grains from all the markets were found to be contaminated with molds, which is a global health concern. This study highlights the need for improved storage and handling practices to minimize the risk of mycotoxin contamination in peanut grains.