This book intends to analyze the American-Russian relations in the framework of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The main focus is on the transformation of the approach in the bilateral relations that occurred during the NATO Summit 2009. The balance of threat theory is the theoretical basis of the book. The author analyzes the threats perceived by both the USA and the Russian Federation, the evolution of the NATO-Russia relations, conflict of interests between Washington and Moscow in the framework of NATO, the "reset" of American-Russian relations and the possible platforms for fruitful bilateral relations.