The present research work entitled "Natural Organic Acids in Organic Synthesis: Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H) ones/Thiones. Studies towards Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Flavones" is divided into two halves. The first half consists of two chapters mainly focusing on the study of use of Natural organic acid and ammonium acetate in organic synthesis. The first chapter deals with an efficient and eco-friendly synthesis of flavones promoted by naturally occurring acids and ammonium acetate via cyclodehydration of 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-aryl-1,3-propanediones using conventional and microwave heating under solvent-free condition. The second chapter deals with a simple and eco-friendly route for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones by using naturally occurring acids and ammonium acetate using conventional and microwave heating under solvent-free condition is described.Second half consists of two chapters which deal with synthesis of novel flavonesderivatives and their biological evaluation. The third chapter in this deals with synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-substituted methyl-2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one derivatives as an anticancer agent.