Anne Lobeck, Kristin Denham

Navigating English Grammar

A Guide to Analyzing Real Language

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

An engaging and fresh take on the rules and politics of English grammar, this book goes a step further than most books on grammar by providing an overview of the field. It presents a novel, inquiry-based approach to understanding speakers' unconscious knowledge of English grammar, and examines historical sources of socially evaluative perceptions of grammar, as 'good' or 'bad', and the notion of language authority. It also gives an overview of the history of modern punctuation, the arbitrary roots of many modern rules, and how many punctuation rules make no grammatical sense, and looks at the controversy over grammar as part of the public school curriculum, how assessment has changed, and the history of the role of grammar in education.

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While most grammar books start and stop with an explanation of parts of speech and sentence structure, Navigating English Grammar goes a step further to provide an overview of the field, with a discussion of historical and current debates about grammar, and how we define, discuss, and approach it. The authors use grammar as a springboard to discuss semantics and morphology; how usage and sentence structure affects style in writing; abbreviated style in the digital age; and the syntax of poetry, fiction, and other genres. Along the way they give examples and analysis of texts. Among other controversies, the authors delve into the sociopolitical aspects of grammar rules, the subjectivity of pet peeves and grammar police, the changing ways grammar has been taught, and how assessment and a changing educational climate has influenced this. They also lay out the fascinating history of the linguistic tradition, from the Sanskrit grammar of Panini (c. 520-460 BCE), sometimes considered a founder of linguistics, to the ancient Greeks, the development of the Western tradition, and through the rise of 'correct' English grammar in the 17th century to the present day. Navigating English Grammar is an engaging and fresh take on the rules and the politics of English grammar, written in lively, inviting prose.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons / John Wiley and Sons Ltd
• Seitenzahl: 304
• Erscheinungstermin: 13. September 2013
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 244mm x 170mm x 17mm
• Gewicht: 522g
• ISBN-13: 9781405159944
• ISBN-10: 1405159944
• Artikelnr.: 38527682

Autorenporträt

Anne Lobeck is Professor of English and Linguistics at Western Washington University. She is author of Ellipsis: Functional Heads, Licensing and Identification (1995) and Discovering Grammar: An Introduction to English Sentence Structure (2000), and is coeditor and co-author (with Kristin Denham) of several books, including Linguistics at School: Language Awareness in Primary and Secondary Education (2010). Kristin Denham is Professor of English and Linguistics at Western Washington University. She is coeditor (with Anne Lobeck) of two volumes, including Language in the Schools: Integrating Linguistic Knowledge into K-12 Teaching (2005) and co-author (with Anne Lobeck) of Linguistics for Everyone: An Introduction (2010).

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
1 What is Grammar and How Do We Study It? 1
Introduction 1
What is English? Language Change and Variation 2
What is Grammar? Prescriptive and Descriptive Grammar 4
Origins of Prescriptive Grammar 8
The Components of Grammar 10
Syntax 10
Morphology 13
Semantics 15
Phonetics and phonology 18
The Scientific Study of Language 19
Exercises 20
2 Nouns 23
Introduction 23
Semantic Features of Nouns 24
Abstract and concrete 25
Common and proper 25
Count and mass 27
Collective nouns 28
Generic nouns 29
Noun Morphology 30
Inflectional affixation 30
Plurals 30
Possessives 31
Derivational affixation 33
Other ways we form nouns 34
Summary 35
Exercises 35
3 Noun Phrases 41
Introduction 41
Categories that Precede Nouns 42
Determiners 42
Noun phrases without determiners 46
Numerals 47
Quantifiers 48
Order of D, NUM, and Q 49
Partitive, Measure, and Collective Noun Phrases 50
Possessive Noun Phrases 52
NP or N: pronoun substitution 53
Modifiers of Nouns 55
Adjectives that modify nouns 55
Nouns that modify nouns 57
Verbs that modify nouns 59
Summary 61
Exercises 61
4 Verbs 67
Introduction 67
Main Verbs 68
Main Verb Morphology 68
Derivational affixation and other ways we form verbs 69
Inflectional affixation 69
Infinitives 71
Present tense 72
Past tense 74
Past tense variation 75
Present and past participles 76
Past participle variation 77
Suppletion 79
Summary 80
Exercises 81
5 Verb Phrases 85
Introduction 85
Auxiliary Verbs 86
Morphology of have and be 87
Auxiliary have 87
Main verb have 87
Auxiliary be 88
Main verb be 88
Verb strings with auxiliary have and be 89
Modals 90
Modal meaning 90
Modal morphology and tense 92
Semi-modals 93
Future tense 94
Verb strings with auxiliaries and modals 94
Aspect 96
Progressive aspect 96
Perfect aspect 97
Combining aspectual forms 97
Habitual aspect 99
Voice 100
Direct objects and transitivity 101
Thematic roles 102
Passive voice 103
The passive verb string 105
Passive in writing 106
Summary 108
Exercises 108
6 The Clause 113
Introduction 113
Clause Structure and the TENSE Position 114
Subject-Auxiliary Inversion 117
Auxiliary Do 121
Do-insertion 123
Subjects 125
Non-agentive subjects 126
Subjects of passive sentences 127
Pleonastic subjects 127
Tag Question Formation 129
Negation 132
A Final Puzzle: Main Verb Be 137
Summary 141
Exercises 142
7 Adjectives 147
Introduction 147
Adjective Semantics 148
Adjective Morphology 151
Derivational affixation and other ways we form adjectives 151
Participial adjectives 152
Inflectional affixation: comparative and superlative adjectives 152
Adjective Syntax 154
Modifiers of adjectives 154
The degree word test for adjectives 155
Prenominal and postnominal adjective phrases 157
Some interesting exceptions 158
Adjective phrase subjective complements 159
Other subjective complements: NP and PP 160
Direct objects versus subjective complements 161
The seem test for adjectives 162
Restrictions on AP complements 163
Summary 164
Exercises 164
8 Adverbs 171
Introduction 171
Adverb Semantics 172
Adverb Morphology 173
Derivational affixation and other ways we form adverbs 173
Flat adverbs 174
Inflectional affixation 175
Adverb Syntax 176
Modifiers of adverbs 176
Adverb phrase positions 178
Adverb phrase modifiers 180
Adverb phrase complements 181
More on Modifiers 182
Summary 182
Exercises 182
9 Prepositions and Particles 187
Introduction 187
Preposition Semantics 188
Preposition Morphology 190
Preposition Syntax 191
Complements of prepositions 191
Objects of prepositions 191
Other complements of prepositions 192
Modifiers of prepositions 192
Grammatical functions of prepositional phrases 193
PP modifiers of nouns 194
PP modifiers of verbs and clauses 194
PPs as complements 195
Indirect object complements 197
Particles 200
Semantics of particles 200
Syntax of particles 201
Summary 204
Exercises 204
10 Independent, Coordinate, and Subordinate Clauses 209
Introduction 209
Independent Clauses 210
Coordination 211
Subordination 214
Clauses and sentences 215
Subordinate Clause Types 216
A brief but important aside: sentence fragments 218
Tensed clause complements 220
Bare infinitival clause complements 223
To-infinitive clause complements 224
Participial clause complements 226
Wh-clause complements 229
Wh-movement 230
Complementizers 232
Clausal Subjects 233
Summary 237
Exercises 237
11 More on Complementation and Modification 243
Introduction 243
Complementation and Modification: A Brief Review 244
Review of complements 245
Complements of verbs 245
Complements of adjectives 247
Complements of prepositions 247
Review of modifiers 248
Modifiers of nouns 248
Modifiers of adjectives, adverbs, and prepositions 249
Modifiers of verbs 249
Movable Modifiers 250
Movable PP modifiers 250
Movable NP modifiers 250
Movable AP modifiers 250
Movable VP modifiers 251
Movable clause modifiers 251
Diagramming movable modifiers 251
Final notes on movable modifiers 254
Clauses that Modify Nouns: Relative Clauses 255
Relative clauses and wh-movement 257
Tensed and infinitival relative clauses 259
Restrictive and nonrestrictive relative clauses 261
Headless relative clauses 264
Appositive NPs 265
Summary 265
Exercises 266
Epilogue: Navigating Real Language 273
Index 275

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Dedication

Preface

Acknowledgements

Chapter 1

Introduction

What is English? Language Change and Variation

What is Grammar?

Prescriptive Grammar

Descriptive Grammar

The Components of Grammar

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

Phonetics and phonology

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 2

Introduction

Semantic Distinctions among Nouns

Abstract and concrete

Common and proper

Count and mass

Collective nouns

Generic nouns

Noun Morphology

Inflectional affixation

Plurals

Possessives

Derivational affixation

Other ways we form nouns

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 3

Introduction

Categories that Precede Nouns

Determiners

Noun Phrases without Determiners

Numerals

Quantifiers

Order of D, NUM, and Q

Partitive, Measure, and Collective Noun Phrases

Possessive Noun Phrases

NP or N: pronoun substitution

Modifiers of Nouns

Adjectives that modify nouns

Nouns that modify nouns

Verbs that modify nouns

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 4

Introduction

Main Verbs

Main Verb Morphology

Derivational affixation and other ways we form verbs

Inflectional affixation

Infinitives

Present Tense

Past Tense

What about Future Tense?

Present and Past Participles

Suppletion

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 5

Introduction

Auxiliary Verbs

Auxiliary have

Auxiliary be

Main Verb have and be

Modals

Semi-modals

Verb strings with auxiliaries and modals

Aspect

Progressive aspect

Perfect aspect

Habitual aspect

Passive Voice and the Passive Verb String

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 6

Introduction

The Independent Clause

The Subject Position

Subjects of passive sentences

Pleonastic subjects

The Complement Position

Direct Objects

Other complements

The Tense Position

Subject-Auxiliary Inversion

Tag question formation

Negation

Diagramming Verb Strings

Do insertion

Main Verb be Raising

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 7

Introduction

Adjective Semantics

Adjective Morphology

Derivational affixation and other ways we form adjectives

Participial adjectives

Inflectional affixation: comparative and superlative adjectives

Adjective Syntax

Modifiers of adjectives

Adjective Phrase positions

Adjective phrases as prenominal and postnominal modifiers

Adjective phrases as subjective complements

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 8

Introduction

Adverb Semantics

Adverb Morphology

Derivational affixation and other ways we form adverbs

Inflectional affixation

Adverb Syntax

Modifiers of adverbs

Adverb phrase positions

Adverb phrase as modifiers in AP, PP, and NP

Adverb phrases as

Rezensionen

"Navigating English Grammar is a superb introduction to English grammar and grammatical analysis. Lobeck and Denham guide readers through the essentials of English with vivid, up-to-date usage examples and just the right amount of clearly explained linguistic theory." - Edwin Battistella, Southern Oregon University

"Lobeck and Denham make a plausible Socrates, prodding their interlocutors into discovering their own, internal language system. Readers learn much about scientific methods, honed by years working in schools and understanding adolescent minds, and are liberated from foolish social judgments about people's language." - David Lightfoot, Georgetown University